基于半马尔科夫链的中小堤坝WSN节点能耗研究

无线传感器网络技术的引入,为中小型堤坝监测技术的发展提供了新思路。由于无线传感器网络节点采用电池供电,而堤坝环境中的数据监测条件比较苛刻,电源更换相对困难,无线传感器网络节点能耗的优化在延长整个无线传感器网络生命周期过程中显得尤为重要。本文介绍了无线传感器网络中节点能耗的主要分布,并提出了降低节点能量消耗的策略。借助半马尔可夫链理论建立了节点能耗的数学模型,分析了WSN节点的能耗情况,在保证正常数据通信的情况下,通过对节点状态的管理,延长节点的睡眠时间,从而达到降低整个网络能耗的目的。     

住宅项目交通影响评价系统研究

住宅区是人们每天出行生活的起点和终点,是城市重要的交通发生源。基于地理信息系统（GIS）构建交通影响评价系统,对于分析项目对周边路网的影响,确定项目可行性具有重要意义。本文通过分析住宅项目的交通特性确定了住宅项目交通影响评价系统中交通需求预测方法,详细阐述了系统的工作流程和设计功能,并对实际项目进行了交通影响程度的定量化评价,验证了系统的可行性。     

浅析桥梁伸缩缝施工工艺

桥梁的伸缩缝是桥梁结构中最易遭到破坏又难以修补的部位,是当今桥梁施工和维护中的难题之一。结合辽开高速公路某合同段D80伸缩缝施工工艺,分析了伸缩缝施工存在的问题及原因,并就公路桥梁伸缩缝施工工艺及质量控制要点进行了探讨。     

门座起重机起升机构节能技术的应用

起重机械起升机构重载下降时,重力势能会通过电机转变为电能,大部分起重机械将这部分电能通过电阻发热消耗,造成极大能量浪费。通过起升机构节能技术的应用,利用一套相对独立的系统将起重机工作时的势能进行回收、储存及循环利用,达到节约能源、降低使用成本的目的,起升机构节能效果超过50%。     

河北省实施京津冀区域高速公路联网不停车收费技术方案研究

河北省将要实施的联网不停车收费工程是京津冀区域高速公路联网不停车收费示范工程的组成部分．该系统采用电子不停车收费方式与人工半自动收费方式相结合的组合式收费方式,并对货车继续实施计重收费和片区联网收费。     

遗传算法在变频交流电机控制中的应用研究

交流异步电动机具有很强的非线性特性,因此在调速控制中控制器的参数很难达到最优化.采用矢量控制后交流电机的调速性能可以和直流电机媲美.但变频交流电机矢量控制系统存在3个PI环,同时交流电机本身具有很强的非线性.由此可知调节3个控制器的参数使系统的调速性能达到最优存在很大的困难.文中建立了电机的仿真模型,在此基础上采用遗传算法对转速闭环控制器的参数进行了优化,并将优化的控制器参数与非优化的控制器参数的控制效果进行了仿真对比,结果表明取得了良好的效果.     

DC gain analysis of scaled CMOS op amp in Sub-100 nm technology nodes: A research based on channel length modulation effect

Metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) intrinsic gain degradation caused by channel length modulation (CLM) effect is examined. A simplified model based on Berkeley short-channel insulator-gate field effect transistor model version 4 (BSIM4) current expression for sub-100 nm MOSFET intrinsic gain is deduced, which only needs a few technology parameters. With this transistor intrinsic gain model, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) operational amplifier (op amp) DC gain could be predicted. A two-stage folded cascode op amp is used as an example in this work. Non-minimum length device is used to improve the op amp DC gain. An improvement of 20 dB is proved when using doubled channel length design. Optimizing transistor bias condition and using advanced technology with thinner gate dielectric thickness and shallower source/drain junction depth can also increase the op amp DC gain. After these, a full op amp DC gain scaling roadmap is proposed, from 130 nm technology node to 32 nm technology node. Five scaled op amps are built and their DC gains in simulation roll down from 69.6 to 41.1 dB. Simulation shows transistors biased at higher source-drain voltage will have more impact on the op amp DC gain scaling over technology. The prediction based on our simplified gain model agrees with SPICE simulation results.     

Solving resource-constrained multiple project scheduling problem using timed colored Petri nets

To solve the resource-constrained multiple project scheduling problem (RCMPSP) more effectively, a method based on timed colored Petri net (TCPN) was proposed. In this methodology, firstly a novel mapping mechanism between traditional network diagram such as CPM (critical path method)/PERT (program evaluation and review technique) and TCPN was presented. Then a primary TCPN (PTCPN) for solving RCMPSP was modeled based on the proposed mapping mechanism. Meanwhile, the object PTCPN was used to simulate the multiple projects scheduling and to find the approximately optimal value of RCMPSP. Finally, the performance of the proposed approach for solving RCMPSP was validated by executing a mould manufacturing example.     

Constrained submap algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping

When solving the problem of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), a standard extended Kalman filter (EKF) is subject to linearization errors and causes optimistic estimation. This paper proposes a submap algorithm, which builds a weighted least squares (WLS) constraint between two adjacent submaps according to the different estimations of the common features and the relationship between the vehicle poses in the corresponding submaps. By establishing the constraint equation after loop closing, re-linearization is implemented and each submap’s reference frame tends to its equilibrium position quickly. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm could get a globally consistent map and linearization errors are limited in local regions.     

In-home power line communication media access control protocol based on collision resolution

Most existing media access control (MAC) protocols in power line communication (PLC) networks just discard the colliding data packets when collision occurs. The collision deteriorates throughput and delay performance of system under high traffic conditions. This article presents a novel media access scheme with fast collision resolution for in-home power line networks. It works by first recognizing the colliding stations through detecting the inserted unique ID sequence ahead of data packets, then the source nodes retransmitting their packets immediately after the collision slot. The proposed protocol maintains the benefits of ALOHA systems. It needs no scheduling overhead and is suitable for bursty sources, such as multimedia data packets. Computer simulations have demonstrated that this approach can achieve high throughput due to its ability of resolving collisions.