寒区透水性混凝土配合比设计试验研究

透水性水泥混凝土具有减少路面径流水量、改进水质、提高排水速度、增强路面在雨雪天气的抗滑阻力等优点,因而得到了越来越多的应用。但由于它孔隙率高、强度低,给其应用带来了很大的局限性,尤其是在潮湿和冰冻的环境下。通过对24种由集料、粘合剂和外加剂组成的不同配合比的混合料进行试验研究,得到了透水性水泥混凝土的最佳配合比,使其不仅有足够的孔隙利于雨水的渗透,而且有足够的强度和冻融耐久性。     

耙吸挖泥船挖掘多杂物珊瑚胶结砂施工工艺

耙吸船是疏浚工程中应用最广泛的船型之一,适合开挖淤泥、黏土甚至碎石等土质。坦桑尼亚某港口的土质主要是珊瑚胶结砂,其标贯击数达50击,挖掘易成块;且表层存在大量轮胎、渔网及船锚等杂物,堵塞耙头严重。耙吸船在施工过程中需要解决杂物及珊瑚胶结砂成块堵耙的问题,两者堵耙工况完全不同,无法单一处理。通过现场多方面技术参数分析,采取制作专用清杂工具、耙吸船设备改造以及施工工艺改进等措施,达到提升耙吸船施工效率的目的,可为耙吸船疏浚多杂物、易成块土质提供参考。     

Demographic indicators of the relative need for artificial reefs in Florida

Abstract

Artificial reef development involves pfonning from a number of perspectives including biological, océanographie, engineering, and social. This article reviews previous studies and identifies demographic variables that affect the use of artificial reefs by recreational anglers. An index of relative demand was created employing eight components: number of coastal county resident boat anglers, nonresident boat anglers, tourist boat anglers, nonboat anglers, number of fishing clubs, number of charter/party boats, number of registered pleasure boats, and the rate of county population growth. By comparing the magnitude of the index to the number of existing artificial reefs off of Florida's 35 coastal counties, an estimate of relative need was graphically portrayed on a state map. Indian River county on the Atlantic coast and Hernando, Hillsborough, Pasco, Citrus, Levy, Lee, and Charlotte counties on the central Gulf coast are the areas with the greatest demand relative to existing reef supply.     

SCUBA Diver Specialization and Behavior Norms at Coral Reefs

SCUBA diving is an increasingly popular activity that provides a number of benefits to coastal communities. However, the sustainability of recreational diving on coral reefs is largely dependent on the health of reef ecosystems. Divers can minimize their impacts to coral reefs through responsible diving behaviors, which are in part guided by social norms. The behavioral obligation and sanction components of twelve diving behaviors were determined for Florida Keys divers throughout the course of a year. Recognizing that recreationists are not homogenous, these norms were compared according to diver specialization level. Specialized divers felt a stronger obligation not to touch corals and to pick up garbage from the sea floor than did less specialized divers. Specialized divers also reported they would feel greater embarrassment for losing buoyancy control, touching corals, taking pieces of dead corals, or touching marine mammals. The findings point to a connection between specialization level and social norms, and a relationship to ensuring continued reef health.     

水平透水层对软基沉降理论研究分析

为了研究水平透水层对软基沉降的影响,本文运用二维Biot法对不同埋深透水层的软基沉降进行理论分析。结果表明,含有透水层的软基不但竖向变形、水平位移量小,而且压缩稳定所需的时间短,透水层排水能力对加速土层固结是相当有效,因此计算时必须考虑透水层的影响。     

采用ATPB基层的水泥混凝土路面结构力学分析

借助有限元软件ABAQUS,分析水泥混凝土面层的厚度、基层的厚度、基层的模量等对路面应力的影响,得到相应的规律。分析结果表明:面层厚度并不是越厚越有利,基层模量变化对基层和面层的应力影响显著。     

应用软式透水管整治站场排水不良病害

软式透水管是一种新型的排水复合型土工合成材料。根据软式透水管的构造特点与排水机理,重点介绍了在整治铁路站场排水不良病害中的应用。     

常州市晋陵路铁路立交地道的排水设计

从常州市晋陵路铁路立交地道工程的实际情况出发,提出了一套路基路面的排水设计方案,取得了良好的使用效果,对于铁路立交的排水设计具有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。     

水泥基高效环保防水材料在工程中的应用

简要介绍了水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料在清华大学跳水馆工程中的实际应用,通过对抗渗压力试验的研究和现场取芯试件渗透能力的测定分析,得出一些有益的结论,可作为工程应用的参考。     

透水铺装雨水入渗模型与影响因素相关性研究（双语出版）

为了更加准确快捷地预测透水铺装内部的雨水渗流过程,探究降雨参数与路面设计参数对其渗流性能的影响,提出透水铺装雨水入渗模型,并针对影响因素的相关性进行研究。首先,基于地区水文气象资料与路面材料渗透特性,利用数学模型对降雨阶段关键参数进行量化研究,并从降雨强度与材料渗透能力的角度对雨水入渗的物理过程进行分阶段刻画,最终建立透水铺装雨水入渗-储水-排空模型。其次,针对该模型的诸多输入参数,进行正交设计试验计算各参数与径流控制率的相关性,寻找关键控制指标;基于该结论拟定典型透水铺装结构组合,选择不同降雨重现期、降雨历时与时程雨型等模拟工况对水位高度、蓄水能力等进行验算与评价。结果表明：所建模型与文献数据具有较好的吻合性,NSE指数可达0.45以上;路基土的渗透系数与路面径流控制率显著相关,暴雨工况下随着路基土渗透系数的降低,地表径流占比达到30%以上,并且几乎丧失连续储水能力,而路基土饱和渗透系数的影响性较小;溢流管可有效减少地表径流量,降低溢流风险,在极端暴雨条件下设置溢流管的道路可削减60%的地表径流,并具有50%以上的连续储水能力;时程雨型对路面渗流特性的影响较为复杂,雨峰出现时间在控制地表径流与延缓径流峰值两方面呈现相反的规律,因而需要根据当地降雨资料与设计要求进行权衡。