船舶动力定位自适应滤波器设计

传统的陷波滤波器虽然能够很好的滤除一阶高频海浪波,但是滤波的同时也使得信号产生了相位滞后,在时域里面的表现就是信号的延时.卡尔曼滤波器虽然能够解决这一问题,但是其非常依赖于船舶模型.本文针对传统陷波滤波器的缺陷,使用了一种积分补偿型陷波滤波器,对传统的陷波滤波器进行改进.并以某拖轮为仿真对象进行仿真实验,其结果表明,该滤波器不但能够很好的滤除高频海浪波,还能够保持很好的相位特性.同时,递推的最小二乘估计(RLS)方法能够实时的估计出海浪的主导波频,使得陷波滤波器具有很好的自适应性.     

FPSO全生命周期风险管理

简述了FPSO风险管理的目的和意义，结合FPSO风险特点和FPSO管理经验，采用风险分析方法指出FPSO全生命周期面临的安全风险；针对FPSO全生命周期内的设计、建造、生产、废弃等不同阶段的不同风险探索相应的风险管理方法和控制措施，旨在有效降低FPSO全生命周期内的健康安全环保风险。     

长江口拦门沙河段航道回淤的波浪动力环境 Ⅱ:洪枯季作用差异*

开展了长江口拦门沙河段波浪对河床作用的洪枯季差异及规律研究,结果表明：1）长江口拦门沙河段波能随周期的分布曲线在洪季表现为“窄峰”特征,波能主要集中在4.0～7.0 s,而洪季表现为“宽峰”或“双峰”特征,波能主要集中在4.0～12.0 s;2）与枯季相比,洪季长周期的高能波发生频率及其波能所占年总波能的比例显著提高,其中波能增加数十倍;3）长江口拦门沙区域的波浪按周期可分为3种类型,即低能波、高能波以及过渡波,其中低能波对拦门沙区域的深水河床基本无作用,高能波对拦门沙区域的深水河床作用非常显著,但过渡波对拦门沙区域的深水河床作用不确定,视波向变化而定。     

非轴对称球锥过渡环有限元分析及优化设计

利用大型通用软件Ansys,基于参数优化设计的思想,以过渡环及相邻球壳的最小重量为目标,同时考虑强度及稳定性的要求,对过渡环进行了参数优化,并分析了过渡环在最小重量情况下的应力分布规律,提出了参数调整的方法。     

可控被动式减摇水舱气阀控制规律研究

可控被动式减摇水舱是对被动式减摇水舱的一种改进.文章在可控被动式减摇水舱系统数学模型的基础上,推导了最佳控制相位的理论依据,并对气阀开启和关闭时刻的选取进行了研究.对不规则波的仿真结果表明,根据船舶的横摇角速度进行气阀控制,满足最佳控制相位是行之有效的,它使可控被动式减摇水舱的减摇能力最大,减摇效果更佳.     

舰船惯导航行数据的重构及混沌特性分析

针对现有舰船航行数据处理研究中,对数据内在属性及不同数据间相关性研究不够深入的问题,应用不同方法对舰船惯导航行数据进行了相空间重构及比较分析。分析结果表明,C-C方法对船舶惯导航行数据的重构效果较好。在此基础上,进行了惯导数据的混沌特性定性分析,并计算了惯导数据的最大Lyapunov指数,对舰船惯导数据进行了混沌动力学特性研究。分析结果证实了舰船航行数据具有较为典型的混沌特性,为进一步研究采用混沌控制等方法对舰船航行中的混沌状态进行控制提供必要的数据基础和比较依据。     

水下地形辅助导航新方法仿真

水下地形辅助导航是水下运载体导航定位技术研究的关键技术之一。传统的水下地形辅助导航采用回声测深仪,导航定位精度低,有时甚至失效。本文将多波束测深引入水下地形辅助导航,将水深映射为灰度值,利用快速傅立叶变换将输入灰度图从空间域变换为频率域。先采用相位相关技术进行粗匹配,再采用图像Hu不变矩特征进行精匹配,实现导航定位。对基于不同实验获取的实测海底地形图、惯性导航数据、DGPS数据以及多波束实测数据进行了实验室仿真。仿真结果表明,新方法可以极大地提高水下地形导航定位精度,使INS误差降低到原误差的15%以内,尤其是在INS初始误差较大时(小于3 km)导航定位精度改进更好。     

Spatial distribution of cadmium over a cyclonic eddy in the southern East China Sea

Eddy systems are a unique ecosystem, usually having high biological masses and primary production in the sea. In this study, both particulate and dissolved phases of cadmium in the water column of 15 stations over a cyclonic eddy in the southern East China Sea were determined to obtain their spatial distributions. This allows us to confirm that cyclonic eddy systems play the role of a Cd pump in the sea.Results showed that particulate Cd (PCd) and dissolved Cd (DCd) concentrations in water varied greatly, ranging over two orders and one order of magnitude, respectively. Large spatial variability was found not only for PCd but also for DCd in the upper water, apparently due to the effects of the cyclonic eddy system on the Cd distributions over the study area. DCd accounts for about 99% of the total Cd. For the surface water, DCd concentration at the eddy center was about five times the average of the water surrounding the eddy center. The depth distributions of DCd exhibited a typical surface depletion and a subsequent increase with depth; however, the PCd distribution showed the opposite, i.e. a surface maximum and a subsequent decline with depth. In general, the DCd maxima were found at depths of 600–1000 m, agreeing well with the literature. It reflected the internal biogeochemical cycling of Cd in the water column, which was driven by the utilization of Cd by plankton in the euphotic zone and by the regeneration of Cd at depth. In addition, a remarkably high DCd concentration existed in near-bottom water around the cyclonic eddy center.The horizontal distributions of both PCd and DCd in the upper water shared a common feature with elevated concentrations centering around the eddy center and a decline in concentration with distance from the eddy center. This shows that the cyclonic eddy could bring up the Cd-rich deep water to the surface water around the eddy center and could then expand toward eddy's vicinity via advection–diffusion. It is thus likely that it produces ample biological masses over the eddy system. Hence, this work can demonstrate that the ascending nutrient-rich water driven by the cyclonic eddies can serve as an important source not only for many nutrients but also for Cd in the sea.     

基于相位差变化率的机载无源定位研究

单站无源定位的核心难点是如何实现无源测距问题。利用目标角度和角度变化率信息对观测站和目标间的距离进行解算,通过定位误差的几何分布（GDOP）对单次定位的距离测量精度进行了仿真分析。由于观测器在运动过程中对固定辐射源目标进行无源测距的精度不高,用卡尔曼滤波对多次定位进行了滤波处理。通过单次和多次定位精度的仿真验证了该方法是一种高精度的定位方法。     

惯导辅助的GPS船舶测姿系统关键技术研究

针对现有的多种周跳检测与修复、整周模糊度求解算法以及单纯GPS测姿和单纯惯导测姿的优缺点,提出了一种适合船舶姿态测定的方案。该方案结合平差原理和多普勒信息处理周跳,并对LAMBDA算法进行了改进和优化,采用多种约束信息来剔除不正确模糊度组合,最后采用基于Kalman模型进行陀螺与GPS航向角数据融合。实验结果表明,在0.497m基线条件下,航向角精度优于0.3°,俯仰角(横滚角)测量精度优于0.5°。