基于遗传算法的车辆悬架系统等效物理参数识别

针对车辆悬架系统的功能及物理特性,以车轴的运动为系统输入,对复杂的整车行驶模型进行了合理简化。以某型专用越野车辆为例,建立了簧载质量的3自由度振动模型,推导了簧载质量任意位置处的加速度频响函数;利用汽车试验场道路测试数据,通过遗传算法编写VC程序进行了数据拟合,得到了悬架系统在不同路面工况下的等效物理参数。实际应用表明,拟合结果具有较高的可信度。     

An analysis of the determinants of children’s weekend physical activity participation

This paper examines the out-of-home, weekend, time-use patterns of children aged 5–17 years, with a specific emphasis on their physical activity participation. The impact of several types of factors, including individual and household demographics, neighborhood demographics, built environment characteristics, and activity day variables, on physical activity participation is analyzed using a joint nested multiple discrete–continuous extreme value-binary choice model. The sample for analysis is drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey. The model developed in the paper can be used to assess the impacts of changing demographics and built environment characteristics on children’s physical activity levels.     

A multiple discrete-continuous model for independent- and joint-discretionary-activity participation decisions

This paper presents a multiple discrete-continuous econometric structure to model the daily time-investment decisions of couples in solo- and joint-discretionary activities incorporating intra-personal and inter-personal inter-dependencies. The empirical model was estimated using data from the 2000 Bay Area Travel Survey. The results indicate evidence of the positive impact of vehicle availability on independent activity participation and the negative impacts of the presence of children and mandatory time investments on the joint discretionary-activity engagement of the spouses. In addition, we also find the mandatory- and maintenance-activity-participation characteristics of the spouse to influence the discretionary activity choices of individuals. Finally, the analysis also indicates a strong impact of common unobserved factors on the decisions of couples. From a policy analysis perspective, these results imply that demand-management actions directly impacting one adult could also result in changes to the activity patterns of his/her spouse and to changes in joint activity participation characteristics. Dr. Sivaramakrishnan Srinivasan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering at the University of Florida. His research interests include travel-behavior analysis, activity-based travel-demand modeling, and the application of advanced econometric methods for transportation problems. Dr. Chandra R. Bhat has contributed toward the development of advanced econometric techniques for travel behavior analysis, in recognition of which he received the 2004 Walter L. Huber Award and the 2005 James Laurie Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).     

利用物理模型研究热扩散问题

山东威海华能电厂循环冷却水正态物理模型试验的目的是研究电厂设备冷却水排入海中后对海域及取水口的热污染问题,本文剖析了试验过程,内容包括电厂附近海域的自然条件分析、热扩散理论在模型中的应用、模型设计思想、试验设备量测系统与试验方法以及模型试验中需要探讨的问题。     

青藏铁路列车乘务人员体力劳动强度分级的研究

目的探索在高原低气压低氧环境中列车乘务人员体力劳动强度状况，为制订合理用工制度、劳动定额及福利待遇，保障铁路行车人员身体健康和行车安全提供科学依据。方法选择北京-拉萨T27／28次（三组）特快列车乘务工务岗位的餐车厨师、餐车服务员、列车员和检车员4个工种在西宁-拉萨运行期间的体力劳动强度进行测量。结果青藏铁路列车乘务岗位体力劳动强度均在Ⅳ级以上，其劳动特点为能量代谢率高、持续作业时间长，属能量消耗大的重体力劳动。建议高原旅客列车乘务工务岗位劳动强度级别必须控制在Ⅳ级以内，女职工不应超过Ⅲ级；进行高海拔大跨度运营作业前，必须进行适应性训练；必须建立青藏铁路职工健康监护体系，监察高原病及其他职业病发生变化趋势，及时采取有效控制措施，保障工人身体健康。     

造船资源管理与配置研究

在界定造船资源的基础上,建立了造船资源能力与负荷管理模型,该模型分为造船资源维护、基于ISWBS任务包组的造船负荷计算、造船资源平衡、作业流程与负荷采集点设置四个功能区.文章重点针对基于ISWBS的造船资源配置策略进行了详细的建模阐述,并进行了资源配置应用分析.     

体育教学促进学生竞争能力的实验研究

采用问卷调查法、实验法、数理统计法等进行体育教学促进学生竞争能力的实验研究。结果显示,实验前,实验班与对照班竞争能力(P>0.05)差异无显著意义。实验中,实验班施加培养竞争能力的因素,对照班正常教学。实验一年后,实验班学生竞争能力高于对照班学生(P<0.01)差异有非常显著意义。     

九圩港闸闸下兴建桥梁工程模型试验研究

九圩港闸下新建桥梁工程，不能单独从泥沙问题来考虑其影响，还应考虑工程后对九圩港闸引、排水功能以及对闸上已有桥梁工程的影响。通过物理模型试验研究将较好地解决相关难题，为工程决策、设计提供科学依据。研究结果表明，桥梁工程方案实施后潮位最大壅高0．028m，对流速影响较大的范围在桥轴线上下100m之内，对九圩港闸引、排水流量的影响在3％以内。     

太白参的生药学研究

本文首次报道了太白参的植物来源、生药性状、组织结构和有关成分的理化特性,为该药材的鉴定、用药安全及寻找和扩大新药源提供了依据。     

Modeling children’s school travel mode and parental escort decisions

Understanding of the activity-travel patterns of children is becoming increasingly important to various policy makers. Further, there is also a growing recognition that intra-household interactions need to be explicitly accommodated in travel models for realistic forecasts and policy evaluation. In the light of these issues, this paper contributes towards an overall understanding of the school-travel behavior of children and the related interdependencies among the travel patterns of parents and children. An econometric model is formulated to simultaneously determine the choice of mode and the escorting person for children’s travel to and from school. The 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey (BATS) data are used in the model estimation process. Empirical results indicate that the characteristics of child like age, gender, and ethnicity, and employment and work flexibility characteristics of the parents have strong impacts on the mode choice decisions. In addition, the impacts of some of these attributes on the choice of mode to school are different from the corresponding impacts on the choice of mode from school. The distance between home and school is found to strongly and negatively impact the choice of walking to and from school, with the impact being stronger for walking to school. Several land-use and built-environment variables were explored, but were found not to be statistically significant predictors.