预应力束张拉顺序对锚下局部应力影响分析

预应力混凝土构件中通常布置有多束预应力束,在施工设计中需要考虑预应力束的张拉顺序,合理的进行预应力筋的张拉。采用有限元程序ANSYS对不同的预应力束张拉顺序下某大桥主粱被动锚固区的局部应力进行分析计算,计算结果对同类桥梁的设计施工有一定的参考价值。     

海底隧道过断层破碎带施工风险分析与应对措施

为了避免胶州湾隧道在穿越多条断层破碎带施工时,发生坍塌、冒顶、突水、突泥等事故,结合青岛胶州湾海底隧道工程设计和施工,通过采用风险分析和评价的方法对过断层破碎带施工风险进行分析,并提出风险的应对措施,风险评估结果可为以后类似工程提供参考。     

加筋板的大挠度塑性动力响应研究

对加筋板的大挠度塑性动力响应进行了理论研究,应用单轴对称截面的线性化轴力-弯矩交互作用曲线和相关联的塑性流动法则推出了梁达到塑性弦状态所应满足的挠度条件.此外,详细地分析了梁在不同载荷情况下可能的运动模式.最后应用本文理论和有限元软件ANSYS、ABAQUS/Explicit对四边固支单向加筋板结构进行了求解.     

浅谈交通组织在城市道路设计中的应用

本文通过对道路红线、绿线的搭配使用 ,兼顾交通功能和景观功能的前提下 ,在道路平面设计阶段纳入交通组织设计 ,并通过绿化和车道板块分割实现功能划分 ,以体现交通组织在道路设计中的重要意义 ,旨在对交通组织在道路中的实际应用进行探讨和实践。     

基于动视觉特性的高速公路景观敏感区划分

分析了驾驶人动视觉特性, 研究了驾驶人的水平视野角度、前景视图、注意力集中点与最深视野随着车速的变化规律, 构建了基于驾驶人动视觉特性的高速公路景观敏感区模型, 并推导了景观敏感区函数。运用景观敏感区模型计算了双向四车道高速公路在不同限速条件下的景观敏感区尺度, 运用景观敏感区函数获得分级结果, 并阐述了不同景观敏感区的属性与景观要素设计要点。通过对比试验, 研究了边坡宽度与一级景观敏感区尺度之间的关系。研究结果表明: 双向四车道高速公路景观敏感区尺度为545m, 一~三级敏感区尺度分别为55、260、230m, 其中一级景观敏感区属于最敏感区域; 进行边坡景观设计时可通过修正坡度的方法改变边坡宽度占高速公路景观敏感区的比重, 坡度越缓, 景观敏感性越高。     

美国限速制定方法及启示

为使我国道路限速的制定更为合理,借鉴国外相关经验是必不可少的。总结了美国设置限速时考虑的主要因素、限速设置方法及其适用条件。对美国部分城市的州际道路及主干路的限速实施状况进行了分析,认为测速相机等自动执法设备的辅助使用能够在很大程度上提高驾驶人对限速的遵守程度。在借鉴美国限速方法及实施经验的基础上,指出我国在制定道路相关限速标准时,应结合国情确定限制速度与运行速度、设计速度之间的互动关系,以及限速与安全、执法等之间的关系。然后针对不同的道路类型、等级等特性研究采用不同的限速方案,解决速度区限速取值及不同速度区之间如何平滑过渡衔接等问题,明确了我国限速研究的基础性内容。     

Theory of safety surrogates using vehicle trajectories in macroscopic and microscopic settings: Application to dynamic message signs controlled traffic at work zones

This paper presents a new mathematical framework for obtaining quantitative safety measure using macroscopic as well as microscopic traffic data. The safety surrogate obtained from the macroscopic data is in terms of analysis performed on vehicle trajectories obtained from the macroscopic data. This method of obtaining safety measure can be used for many different types of applications. The safety surrogate for the traffic dynamics are developed in terms of a new concept of Negative Speed Differentials (NSD) that involve a convolution of vehicle speed function obtained from vehicle trajectories and then performing the integration of the square of the output for its negative values. The framework is applicable to microscopic traffic dynamics as well where we can use car following models for microscopic dynamics or the LWR model for macroscopic dynamics. This paper then presents the use of this new safety surrogate on the development of a feedback control law for controlling traffic in work zones using Dynamic Message Signs. A hybrid dynamics model is used to represent the switching dynamics due to changing DMS messages. A feedback control design for choosing those messages is presented as well as a simple simulation example to show its application.     

Variable speed limit control for severe non-recurrent freeway bottlenecks

Variable speed limit (VSL) schemes are developed based on the Kinematic Wave theory to increase discharge rates at severe freeway bottlenecks induced by non-recurrent road events such as incidents or work zones while smoothing speed transition. The main control principle is to restrict upstream demand (in free-flow) progressively to achieve three important objectives: (i) to provide gradual speed transition at the tail of an event-induced queue, (ii) to clear the queue around the bottleneck, and (iii) to discharge traffic at the stable maximum flow that can be sustained at the bottleneck without breakdown. These control objectives are accomplished without imposing overly restrictive speed limits. We further provide remedies for (a) underutilized bottleneck capacity due to underestimated stable maximum flow and (b) a re-emergent queue at the bottleneck due to an overestimated stable maximum flow. We analytically formulate the reductions in total delay in terms of control parameters to provide an insight into the system performance and sensitivity. The results from the parameter analysis suggest that significant delay savings can be realized with the proposed VSL control strategies.     

断层破碎带隧道衬砌静力稳定性分析

结合一实际工程,选取包括断层破碎带和断层影响带在内的沿隧道纵向300m的计算区域,用八节点六面块体单元将计算区域离散化,采用三维弹塑性静力有限元法模拟分析隧道各个施工阶段,以及建成后围岩和衬砌的受力与变形状态。通过分析比较可知:(1)断层破碎带处的坑道变形和围岩塑性区均明显比非断层破碎带处要大;(2)由于断层破碎带的影响,初期支护、二次衬砌内力的增加幅度约为10%～30%。     

成昆铁路矮塔斜拉桥索梁锚固区模型试验研究北大核心

为研究铁路矮塔斜拉桥索梁锚固区的受力形式,以成昆铁路金沙江大桥为工程背景,针对该桥采用的新型梁顶混凝土锚固构造,通过缩尺模型试验研究其在不同荷载下的应力分布和开裂特征。结果表明:在斜拉桥成桥恒载索力作用以及最不利荷载组合索力作用下,C7锚固块更容易发生破坏,将其作为试验构件开展缩尺模型试验,发现锚固块在不同张拉荷载作用下张拉至设计索力的过程中,应变增幅基本上线性增加,卸载后同样呈线性减小,说明混凝土受力处在线弹性阶段,且应力在规范要求范围内。在试验荷载加载至140%设计索力时,锚固块前端倒角位置开始出现细小裂纹且随荷载的增加不断开展。当荷载卸载至0时,之前出现的裂缝随荷载的减小逐渐闭合,宽度肉眼不可见,表明该构造能够满足正常使用要求且具备足够的安全储备。