Internalization of Transportation External Costs: Impact Analysis of Logistics Company Mode and Route Choices

Abstract

This study focuses on the mode and route choices of a logistics company in a situation involving intercity transportation with networks of surface roads, highways and a railway. A method of transportation network analysis is applied to construct a logistics company mode and route choice models with the objective of minimizing total distribution and external costs. This study also assumes that the fleet number and vehicle capacities are given. Freight distributed from a distribution center to given retailers or consumers via surface road/highway links or via intermodal transportation involving surface road/highway links and a railway. In terms of model construction, this study first explores the routing and sequence of the retailers and consumers served by each vehicle. Second, the study internalizes the external cost of air pollution into the total distribution cost, to analyze the influences of external cost burdens on a logistics company mode and route choices from a user charge perspective. Finally, the study designs a heuristic algorithm for solving the above models, and illuminates the modeling process using a numerical example.     

厦门港船舶供油作业海事管理分析

文中针对厦门港的船舶供油作业单位和加油船的现状和存在的各种问题进行分析,并就解决方法提出意见建议。     

Atmospheric Emissions from Shipping: The Need for Regulation and Approaches to Compliance

Shipping has traditionally been viewed as the least environmentally damaging mode of freight transport. Recent studies have increasingly questioned this perception, as attention has focused on both the greenhouse gas emissions (mainly CO₂) and the emission of health-damaging pollutants (such as sulphur, nitrogen oxides and particulates) by ships. This paper reviews the available evidence on the atmospheric emissions of shipping. It proposes that the profit objective has prompted the pursuit of greater fuel efficiency within the sector, but that reliance on market forces alone is insufficient to deliver on the environmental imperative. The paper outlines the current and planned regulatory regime for the atmospheric emissions from ships and posits that greater, and more diverse, market regulation is required. Alternative general approaches to regulatory compliance are categorised as ‘alternative sources of energy’ or ‘abatement technologies’ and the characteristics of a range of specific options are analysed. The paper concludes that although the shipping industry has been slow to improve its environmental credentials, a combination of regulation and technological innovation provides it with significant potential to dramatically reduce its environmental impact.     

赣江下游地区各类非点源污染源的影响研究

在国内外相关研究基础上,利用输出系数模型估算了2006-2009年赣江下游流域非点源污染负荷及各类非点源污染源的贡献率。结果表明,畜禽养殖、农业人口和耕地是赣江下游地区非点源污染负荷的主要来源,在TN贡献率方面畜禽养殖>耕地>农业人口,在TP贡献率方面畜禽养殖>农业人口>耕地。针对估算结果,分析了赣江下游地区畜禽养殖、农业人口和耕地形成非点源污染流失的原因,并据此提出建造化粪池等小型污水处理设施和人工湿地等相应的控制措施。     

基于界壳理论的交通环境系统运行机理初探

从界定交通环境系统的界壳论域出发,分析交通环境系统的界壳支撑结构和界壳行为,定义界壳开放度、界壁抵抗力以及界门开关速度、界门交换率等描述交通环境系统界壳功能的参数。研究表明,界壳论在降低路网建设对交通环境系统破环程度、调控交通污染排放与环境自净化能力的协调运行等方面具有较好的应用前景。     

浅谈海上的油污防治

船舶溢油污染是当今海上较为常见的污染之一,文章介绍了海上油污事故的原因、防油污器材的种类、特点及作用机理,提出了防止海上油污事故的具体措施,对油轮运输具有一定的指导意义。     

四川省沿江城市水环境治理工程

水环境是指围绕人群空间及可直接或间接影响人类生活和发展的水体,其正常功能的各种自然因素和有关的社会因素的总体。四川省作为三峡库区的主要水源地,其水环境的整治不仅影响着四川省八千万人口的日常生活,还直接影响着三峡库区及长江中下游的城市生活环境。     

幕后力量──船东互保协会与海难救助制度的发展

随着海难救助制度的发展,如何鼓励救助人积极救助遇难船舶和减少环境污染,已经成为国际海事法中急需解决的问题。船东互保协会作为船东的责任保险人,促进了国际救助公约和劳氏救助合同的不断完善,日益参与到救助活动之中,并扮演着越来越重要的角色。     

因子分析在品种污染指数计算方法研究上的应用

本文用因子分析重新定义了品种污染指数的算法,引用参考文献[1]的部分相关原始指标子定义,并对原始指标用正交旋转因子法进行因子分析,找出影响这些原始指标的公共因子。通过对各因子得分进行相应换算,得到具体的污染指数。     

汽车涂装工艺对环境的污染及其治理措施

随着人们的生活质量提高,汽车工业发展加快.在汽车制造过程中,特别关注环境污染.在汽车制造业的各个方面,汽车涂装过程中造成的污染最为严重.因此,本文简要讨论了来自汽车涂装行业的污染.然后提出了不同的处理措施,以促进汽车涂装工艺的发展并减少环境污染.