基于蚁群算法和群决策理论的动态路径优化研究

文章针对城市交通信号控制中的动态路径优化问题,综合考虑相邻交叉口间距和路段交通饱和度两个参数的影响,提出了一种基于蚁群算法和群决策理论的动态路径优化算法模型,并通过仿真实验,对比分析了该算法模型的有效性。     

隧道数字化火灾预警系统的在线量化评估

为检查和评价隧道及地下空间火灾预警系统的实际功能,需要一套可行的在线评估手段。根据近年来国内外全尺寸隧道火灾发展曲线的试验结果,提出隧道火情的定义依据;引用运营隧道内准分布式光纤光栅感温火灾探测器的实测数据,证明运营中隧道报警系统的个性化现象;提出合格的数字化报警系统应存在一个在统计学意义上使漏报率和误报率同时达到期望值的合理阈值取值区间;建议以该区间的尺度作为该系统功能完好性的评估指标;对日常隧道运行温度数据的统计分析可估计合理阈值取值区间的下限,对规定条件下的现场点火试验温度数据分析可估计合理阈值取值区间的上限。在隧道运营期该区间尺度可实时在线自动更新。     

轨道交通车站节能检测判定坐标系研究与应用

从轨道交通车站项目设计、技术要求、检测参数、检测方法及结果判定的角度,文章阐述了轨道交通车站系统节能检测的主要内容和检测方法。为了快速方便地判定检测结果,提出了检测结果坐标系的二维可视化评判方法,并给出了合格判定的点集数学表达式。以某车站系统节能性能检测项目为案例,运用检测结果判定坐标系法对主要参数包括室内温度、风系统总风量与风口风量、水系统水流量、平均照度与照明功率密度等进行了检测结果分析,实现了节能检测结果的快速和二维可视化判定。     

X舵潜艇掉深挽回决策与控制方法北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了研究潜艇水下掉深时的挽回策略和控制方法,建立某X舵潜艇六自由度运动模型。[方法]首先,分析X舵的控制规律和潜艇的排水能力,采用多目标模糊控制方法,设计掉深挽回控制系统;其次,对潜艇在大深度航行时遭遇的不同程度掉深险情进行挽回操作仿真,并在控制器和挽回策略这2个方面对挽回控制进行改进;最后,对不同航速条件下的挽回能力进行比较。[结果]结果显示,在控制器方面,引入智能模糊积分环节可提高挽回效率;在挽回策略方面,采用纵倾辅助及提高航速的挽回策略可增强挽回能力。[结论]研究表明,X舵模糊控制系统配合提高航速及纵倾辅助的策略具有较好的掉深挽回效果。     

Spatiotemporal traffic forecasting: review and proposed directions

This paper systematically reviews studies that forecast short-term traffic conditions using spatial dependence between links. We extract and synthesise 130 research papers, considering two perspectives: (1) methodological framework and (2) methods for capturing spatial information. Spatial information boosts the accuracy of prediction, particularly in congested traffic regimes and for longer horizons. Machine learning methods, which have attracted more attention in recent years, outperform the naïve statistical methods such as historical average and exponential smoothing. However, there is no guarantee of superiority when machine learning methods are compared with advanced statistical methods such as spatiotemporal autoregressive integrated moving average. As for the spatial dependency detection, a large gulf exists between the realistic spatial dependence of traffic links on a real network and the studied networks as follows: (1) studies capture spatial dependency of either adjacent or distant upstream and downstream links with the study link, (2) the spatially relevant links are selected either by prejudgment or by correlation-coefficient analysis, and (3) studies develop forecasting methods in a corridor test sample, where all links are connected sequentially together, assume a similarity between the behaviour of both parallel and adjacent links, and overlook the competitive nature of traffic links.     

The price of uncertainty in pavement infrastructure management planning: An integer programming approach

Currently there is a true dichotomy in the pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) literature. On the one hand, there are integer programming-based models that assume that parameters are deterministically known. On the other extreme, there are stochastic models, with the most popular class being based on the theory of Markov decision processes that are able to account for various sources of uncertainties observed in the real-world. In this paper, we present an integer programming-based alternative to account for these uncertainties. A critical feature of the proposed models is that they provide – a priori – probabilistic guarantees that the prescribed M&R decisions would result in pavement condition scores that are above their critical service levels, using minimal assumptions regarding the sources of uncertainty. By construction of the models, we can easily determine the additional budget requirements when additional sources of uncertainty are considered, starting from a fully deterministic model. We have coined this additional budget requirement the price of uncertainty to distinguish from previous related work where additional budget requirements were studied due to parameter uncertainties in stochastic models. A numerical case study presents valuable insights into the price of uncertainty and shows that it can be large.     

A new composite decision support framework for strategic and sustainable transport appraisals

This paper concerns the development of a new decision support framework for the appraisal of transport infrastructure projects. In such appraisals there will often be a need for including both conventional transport impacts as well as criteria of a more strategic and/or sustainable character. The proposed framework is based on the use of cost-benefit analysis featuring feasibility risk assessment in combination with multi-criteria decision analysis and is supported by the concept of decision conferencing. The framework is applied for a transport related case study dealing with the complex decision problem of determining the most attractive alternative for a new fixed link between Denmark and Sweden – the so-called HH-connection. Applying the framework to the case study made it possible to address the decision problem from an economic, a strategic, and a sustainable point of view simultaneously. The outcome of the case study demonstrates the decision making framework as a valuable decision support system (DSS), and it is concluded that appraisals of transport projects can be effectively supported by the use of the DSS. Finally, perspectives of the future modelling work are given.     

基于AHP-模糊综合评价的路面预防性养护措施决策研究

预防性养护是一种在路面状况尚处于良好情况下采取的对现有道路系统进行有计划的、基于费用效益的养护策略。养护措施的选择应针对不同路况采取不同的策略。以唐山市某国道工程为实例,介绍采用AHP-模糊综合评价法得到路面预防性养护的最佳措施。     

高黏改性剂与基质沥青配伍性研究

为了在有限样本条件下得到高黏改性剂优选基质沥青的控制指标,对境内外2种高黏改性剂与4种常用基质沥青进行配伍性试验,并以针入度、软化点、低温延度、60℃动力黏度及170℃布氏黏度为控制指标,从而得出配伍性最佳的基质沥青,然后分别对每种基质沥青进行针入度、软化点、延度等全套常规性能试验和不同老化程度的温度扫描、频率扫描等流...     

如何利用波形分析大众EA888正时

AE888作为大众的明星发动机,更新到的第三代发动机性能更为出色,因此本文主要介绍如何利用曲轴位置传感器和凸轮轴位置传感器波形来分析发动机正时情况.发动机正时错误是导致发动机抖动的主要原因之一,以往验证正时都是通过正时工具、正时记号.都需要拆卸部分零部件才得以验证,本文通过对比G28、G40两个传感器波形就可以判断发动...