高速公路养护施工安全管理措施探析

主要就我国高速公路养护管理的现状和特点、养护施工安全存在的隐患和具体解决方法进行简要阐述,希望能够改善我国高速公路养护工作中的相关问题。     

桥梁结构的安全性设计探析

随着我国经济建设的发展,各类基础设施建设逐渐增多,而公路桥梁的设计任务也越来越繁重。因此,有必要对桥梁设计的安全性和耐久性进行分析,并提出相关问题的防范措施。     

超薄磨耗层施工监理要点

以某工程为例,结合多年的施工监理经验,针对该工程的施工质量、组织管理、旧路改造工程的安全评价与质量监理进行探讨,从而为高速公路旧路改建施工中如何保证工程质量提供一些经验。     

流场中板和圆柱壳传递函数相关性研究

用弹性理论研究了流场中无限板和无限长圆柱壳的传递函数之间的相关性。运用傅里叶积分变换、势理论和波传播理论推导了耦合方程的解。计算了圆柱壳结构在同一厚度,不同频率处,以及不同半径,同一频率处的传递函数,并与板在相应条件下的计算结果进行了比较,接着还讨论了圆柱壳在同一相对厚度的传递函数。文章通过上述结果的对比,得到了板和圆柱壳在计算结果上的关系,为建立流场中圆柱壳结构声辐射的简化模型提供了理论参考。     

L型布置内河框架直立式码头结构模态分析*

以重庆某平面布置为“L型”的内河框架直立式码头为依托,采用MIDAS建立空间刚架模型并进行模态分析,提取关键模态分析结构的振型特点.初步探讨其动力特性,为结构设计、振动故障诊断以及结构动态特性的优化设计提供依据.     

基于集对变权特大桥危险品运输安全评价研究

对特大桥危险品运输进行安全评价可有效防止和减少事故的发生.以集对论和变权理论为基础,对长三角区域特大型桥梁进行不良气候条件和紧急事件影响下的危险品运输安全分析,提出影响运输安全的关键因素,运用集对论对各因素进行同一性、差异性和对立性分析,并将集对论与指标权重的惩罚-激励相结合,建立特大桥危险品运输集对变权评价模型,以关联度最大为准则来判定运输安全程度.实例计算表明:评价方法实际有效,可为桥梁运营方提供直接应用和参考.     

浙江LNG码头总平面布置试验研究

浙江LNG码头是我国目前最大的LNG码头之一,所处环境相对复杂,在项目设计过程中,为确定合理的码头总 平面布置方案、保证船舶安全系靠泊,采用了物理模型试验的方法,对3个不同的平面布置方案进行了比较,通过试验得出 不同方案下的船舶运动量及系缆力等参数,通过分析试验结果最终明确了合理的总平面布置方案。     

Part 2. Beyond single-outcome models: Decompositions of aggregate and disaggregate road safety risk

The second part of the state-of-the-art focuses on the development of the founders' double streams explaining single-outcome indicators (probability of accidents and fatalities, respectively) by fixed form regression, as outlined in the Part 1. Following Page (1997, pp. 67–122, 2001) and others, we use as turning point of the evolution of both aggregate and discrete approaches the DRAG-1 model of 1984, itself based on aggregate data, which introduced four key innovations in principle applicable to both streams.     

Shipping inspections,detentions, and incidents: an empirical analysis of risk dimensions

ABSTRACT

Inspections play a key role in keeping vessels safe. Inspection authorities employ different policies to decide which vessels to inspect, including type of vessel, age, and flag. Attention for vessel history is usually restricted only to past detentions. This paper demonstrates that the correlation between the probabilities of detention and (very serious and serious) incidents is very low and that proactive prevention of future incidents is improved by accounting for both risk dimensions, that is, by combining past incident and detention information for targeting high-risk vessels for inspection. Five combined methods are presented to classify vessels based on these two risk dimensions, each of which involves extensive sets of factors. These combined classification methods have predictive power for future incidents. Depending on the applied inspection rate, incorporation of incident risk improves inspection hit rates for vessels with future incidents by 30–50% compared to using only detention information. It is recommended to focus on vessels where both risks are relatively high. A practical example shows how the methods can be applied for inspection selection and for prioritizing inspection areas defined in terms of eight risk domains that include collisions, groundings, engine and hull failures, loss of life, fire, and pollution.     

Shipboard safety: exploring organizational and regulatory factors

ABSTRACT

How vessel crews perceive safety on board (shipboard safety) is a useful indication for the general safety level. In this study a theoretical model was explored, involving factors that could possibly influence shipboard safety. Based on a survey questionnaire (n = 244), safety climate, shipowner efficiency demands and regulatory activities were investigated as influencing factors. Structural equation modelling gave support to the theoretical model and the findings illustrate that simultaneous involvement of various levels of the maritime system (crews, shipowners, regulators) can be effective for safety improvements. The study indicates that shipboard safety is affected by actions and prioritization by external actors through safety climate. It suggests that the maritime industry will profit from monitoring safety climate as part of the ongoing risk considerations, as a supplement to reactive parameters such as accident statistics.