基于文本挖掘的地铁施工安全风险事故致险因素分析

地铁工程项目是典型的高风险大型复杂项目,施工安全风险事故多发且引发因素众多。为明确施工过程中存在的致险因素,为安全风险事故的预控提供依据,选取2002—2015年国内151例地铁施工安全风险事故报告,借助R语言和文本挖掘的方法,分别对事故报告进行分词处理、特征项选择、向量空间模型构建、共现规律识别,并利用词云和网络结构图等方法可视化文本挖掘结果;从中发现地铁施工安全风险事故的6项关键致险因素和23项一般致险因素,并以关键致险因素为基础构建致险因素集合,为地铁施工安全风险事故的预控提供参考。     

高速公路可变限速中大车混入因素研究

制定限速是防止超速的一项重要措施。文中介绍了可变限速系统的主要组成部分,工作原理以及应用情况。以京津塘高速公路为例,分析了大车的时间分布规律,对车流速度以及速度差的影响。介绍了基于大车比例的可变限速值确定的流程及限速数值,建立起大车比例与运行速度的关系。可变限速的实时性可以提供给驾驶员更准确的路况信息。     

基于非饱和土理论的降雨入渗路基稳定性分析

采用非饱和土强度理论和极限平衡法,得出考虑降雨入渗渗流力作用下的路基稳定性计算公式。把一定降雨强度和降雨持续时间下的路基稳定性转化为对应入渗深度内的渗流力作用下的路基稳定性。通过渗流力把入渗深度引入安全系数的计算公式,并通过安全系数对入渗深度求导,分析入渗深度对路基稳定性的影响及其原因。最后通过具体算例,讨论降雨对路基稳定性的影响。     

高速公路隧道入口区域交通工程设施改善对策与应用

高速公路隧道入口区域交通事故率高于普通路段,尤其是追尾、撞击洞门事故频发,容易造成群死群伤。为提升高速公路隧 道入口区域的交通安全,在《公路隧道提质升级行动技术指南》对交通工程设施相关规定的基础上,提出隧道入口区域交通工程设 施应满足空间路权、驾驶人因和驾驶任务的基本原则。隧道入口区域典型问题集中于可变信息板、标志信息和视线诱导设施上,主 要是信息组合不良、交通标志位置不当、诱导信息不连续和不一致。由此进一步提出隧道入口区域标牌内容、形式和位置的设置建 议,并提出通过增设环形立面标记、隧道轮廓带、警示型线形诱导标、柔性警示柱和防撞桶等视线诱导设施来加强隧道入口区域的 视觉环境过渡的方法。最后,基于空间路权、驾驶人因和驾驶任务3 个基本原则对交通工程设施改善效果进行评价。     

影响日照附近海域的北上热带气旋特征分析

文中根据对1972年以来北上热带气旋的统计,对北上影响日照附近海域的热带气旋,从北上路径、经过日照时热带气旋的强度、日照本站的风力等方面进行了特征分析。同时,给出了适于日照港港口安全管理部门使用的热带气旋预报信息的来源。论文的结论可供进一步加强日照港防抗北上热带气旋工作,保障日照港防抗台期间船舶和海上作业安全提供重要的参考。     

What is the market potential of plug-in electric vehicles as commercial passenger cars? A case study from Germany

Commercial passenger cars are a possible early market segment for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Compared to privately owned vehicles, the commercial vehicle segment is characterized by higher mileage and a higher share of vehicle sales in Germany. To this point, there are only few studies which analyze the commercial passenger car sector and arrive at contradictory results due to insufficient driving profile data with an observation period of only one day. Here, we calculate the market potential of PEVs for the German commercial passenger car sector by determining the technical and economical potential for PEVs in 2020 from multi-day driving profiles. We find that commercial vehicles are better suited for PEVs than private ones since they show higher average annual mileage and drive more regularly. About 87% of the analyzed three-week vehicle profiles can technically be fulfilled by battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with an electric driving range of about 110 km while plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with an electric range of 40 km could obtain an electric driving share of 60% on average. In moderate energy price scenarios, PEVs can reach a market share of 2–4% in the German commercial passenger car sales by 2020 and especially the large commercial branches (Trade, Manufacturing, Administrative services and Other services) are important. However, our analysis shows a high sensitivity of results to energy and battery prices as well as electric consumptions.     

A comparative study of aviation safety briefing media: card,video, and video with interactive controls

Passengers’ safety knowledge is a key factor in determining the chance of surviving any life- or injury-threatening situation that could occur in civil aviation. Aviation regulations require airlines to provide safety briefings to inform passengers of safety procedures on board. The safety briefing card and the safety briefing video are the two media that airlines routinely employ on board to this purpose. Unfortunately, research on aviation safety briefing media has cast serious doubts about their efficacy, urging researchers to better understand what makes safety briefing media effective as well as improving their effectiveness. This paper contributes to such goals in two different ways. First, it proposes the introduction of interactive technology into aviation safety briefings for improving their effectiveness. Second, it illustrates a controlled study that compares the effectiveness of three safety briefing media: the two briefing media that airlines currently employ on-board (safety briefing card and safety briefing video) and a safety briefing video extended with basic interactive controls. The results obtained by the study highlight a superior effectiveness of the two video media over the card media for aviation safety briefings. Moreover, the video with interactive controls produced improvements over the card in a larger number of effectiveness measures than the traditional video. The paper includes a discussion of factors that can explain the better results obtained with the video conditions, and in particular the video with interactive controls, and of possible additional extensions to increase the interactivity of aviation safety briefings.     

高速公路改扩建中车行天桥的拆除施工及安全管控研究

为最大限度降低高速公路改扩建工程非封闭路段原有上跨车行天桥拆除施工对车流通行的影响,并确保施工与交通安全,本文以成乐高速公路扩建试验段的5座旧桥拆除工程为例,针对现有施工技术对拆除作业及交通运行可能带来的风险因素,研究提出了分批次统一破碎拆除的施工方法和安全管控方案,通过合理的施工组织方案和施工工艺、全面的安全管控措施解决了破碎拆除法中可能出现的安全及环保问题。     

基于秩最小化矩阵去噪的船舶轨迹重构方法

针对船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System，AIS)在实际应用中存在错误数据频发、数据丢包等问题，本文提出一种基于秩最小化矩阵去噪的船舶轨迹重构方法，利用去噪实现轨迹重构，同时，实现对轨迹的去噪和缺失补全。该方法通过线性插值实现经度对齐，将轨迹数据转化为轨迹矩阵，从而补全轨迹中的缺失值。由于补全结果存在非常大的误差，因此，引入 PLR(Patch-Based Low-Rank Minimization)算法去噪，消除误差。同时，为进一步提升补全效果，通 过2D-VMD(Two-Dimensional Variational Mode Decomposition)算法将矩阵分解为不同频率的IMF (Intrinsic Mode Function)，并分别进行PLR去噪，合并去噪结果，得到最终重构后轨迹。本文以长江武汉段水域船舶AIS轨迹为研究对象，通过实验证明该方法在不同缺失比例以及随机缺失和连续缺失两种情境下具有鲁棒性和较强的稳定性；并与 HALRTC(High-Accuracy Low-Rank Tensor Completion)、TRMF(Temporal Regularized Matrix Factorization)等方法进行比较，结果表明， 该方法相较于HALRTC等方法具有更高的精度，并在高损失率下表现出较好的重构效果。     

简析水运工程施工监理安全管理

本文结合笔者近几年来于监理岗位上的工作经历,从目前水运工程建设工程中存在的一些问题,施工准备和施工阶段的监理安全管理工作,工程质量、进度、投资的控制以及工程资料的管理等方面,对施工监理的安全管理工作谈谈心得体会。