Thermal design of automobile exhaust based thermoelectric generators: Objectives and challenges

The potential for thermoelectric power generation (via waste heat recovery onboard automobiles) to displace alternators and/or provide additional charging to a vehicle battery pack has increased with recent advances in thermoelectric material processing. In gasoline fueled vehicles (GFVs), about 40% of fuel energy is wasted in exhaust heat, while a smaller amount of energy (30%) is ejected through the engine coolant. Therefore, exhaust-based thermoelectric generators (ETEG) have been a focus for GFV applications since the late 1980s. The conversion efficiency of modern thermoelectric materials has increased more than three-fold in the last two decades; however, disputes as to the thermal design of ETEG systems has kept their overall efficiency at limited and insufficient values. There are many challenges in the thermal design of ETEG systems, such as increasing the efficiency of the heat exchangers (hot box and cold plate), maintaining a sufficient temperature difference across the thermoelectric modules during different operating conditions, and reducing thermal losses through the system as a whole. This paper focuses on a review of the main aspects of thermal design of ETEG systems through various investigations performed over the past twenty years. This paper is organized as follows: first, the construction of a typical ETEG is described. The heat balance and efficiency of ETEG are then discussed. Then, the third section of this paper emphasizes the main objectives and challenges for designing efficient ETEG systems. Finally, a review of ETEG research activities over the last twenty years is presented to focus on methods used by the research community to address such challenges.     

Automotive structure vibration with component mode synthesis on a multi-level

The recursive component mode synthesis method (RCMS) has been implemented for the finite element analysis model of an automobile structure as an efficient free vibration analysis tool. The RCMS method is intended to obtain a better performance relative to the block Lanczos method, which is a traditional method in the industry of obtaining eigenvalues, while obtaining the acceptable accuracy. A numerical example of the automobile finite element model demonstrates the outstanding performance of RCMS compared to the block Lanczos method.     

成品油管道水击保护

长距离成品油管道在密闭输送过程中,出现非正常停泵、误关阀门及混油界面经过泵等均会引起水击现象发生。水击波沿管道传播,极易导致管道局部超压而造成管道破裂、损坏设备等,故水击保护成为成品油管道密闭输送关键性的工艺技术之一。金嘉湖成品油管道在全线水击保护控制方面采用了进出站压力调节系统、分输站分油流量调节系统、出站压力超高泄放系统、进站低压泄放保护系统、进出站压力超限停泵联锁保护系统来保证管道事故工况时的安全。     

零售业管理信息系统自动补货模型设计

本文分析了零售业管理信息系统的自动补货流程,对自动补货的工作原理和模型进行了阐述。     

高职商务英语听说课程教学模式初探

通过对高职商务英语听说课程的教学情况和条件进行的调查分析,根据其教学特点,对高职商务英语听说课程的教学模式进行了探索,在教学方法和课程内容方面进行了相应的改革。     

基于PSpice软件的电力电子系统仿真研究

本文陈述了有关电力电子与运动控制系统仿真方面的应用展望,讨论了在科研、教学和设计过程中用到的仿真的基本原理,并通过示例介绍了仿真程序的具体应用。     

基于MATLAB的电力电子技术实验计算机仿真的研究

概括了MATLAB／Simulink仿真软件的特点,介绍了如何利用MATLAB／Simulink仿真软件对电力电子技术课程实验进行仿真。应用计算机仿真实验教学加深了学生对课程内容的理解,弥补了模拟实验装置的不足。     

论企业核心竞争力的战略定位与战略模式

从企业现代竞争理论三个阶段的演变看,正是由于主流企业战略管理理论的不足才促使了企业核心竞争力理论的迅速兴起,核心竞争力的战略选择成为企业战略制定的关键问题。企业可以从经营业务战略、目标行业战略、市场竞争战略与资源组合战略四方面进行核心竞争力战略定位,确立以客户价值为中心的核心竞争力战略模式。     

结构模式对转向架构架扭转刚度的影响

将客车转向架焊接H形构架简化为由等截面直梁组成的模型,通过考察各梁在扭转载荷下的变形分布,研究降低构架扭转刚度的措施,并采用有限元方法对理论分析结果进行了验证。计算结果表明:侧梁上盖板开槽能使构架扭转刚度降低3%;改变横梁截面形式后,构架扭转刚度将减小19%,构架在超常载荷下的最大von_Mises应力降低3%。分析结果表明:构架侧梁上盖板开槽对其扭转刚度影响不大,并将引起局部区域较强的应力集中;横梁弯曲与扭转刚度对转向架构架扭转刚度有较大影响,将无缝钢管横梁改为箱型梁能够显著降低构架扭转刚度;同时,由于扭转刚度降低,构架在超常载荷下最大von_Mises应力也有所降低,轨道扭曲载荷对构架强度的影响减弱。     

城市轨道交通系统票种设置及票务规则研究

轨道交通系统目前已经在许多城市形成了线网结构,在运营范围扩大的同时也增加了票务管理的难度。系统投资高、回收期长的特点决定了轨道交通系统必须设置具有吸引力的票种和探讨线网条件下的票务规则。在根据系统客流时空特性的基础上,设置了单程类和储值类2大类13种轨道交通车票,并根据系统运营的实际情况把轨道交通运营状态分成正常、降级和紧急3大类工作模式,探讨了不同工作模式下各类车票的票务规则,有利于提高轨道交通系统的经济和社会效益。