强风作用下轻钢房屋的风致破坏机理及风灾防御

轻钢房屋凭借其质量轻、工业化程度高和施工速度快等特点而广泛应用于低矮工业建筑中,但由于其对风荷载比较敏感,在强风条件下常常发生轻钢房屋的风致损坏事故并导致巨额经济损失．本文通过对灾后的调研,分析了轻钢房屋在强风条件下的风致破坏模式,用数值模拟分析了轻钢房屋的风致破坏特点,探讨了轻钢房屋风致破坏的机理,从工程施工角度分析了轻钢房屋的风致破坏原因并提出了相应的风灾防御建议．     

台风作用下海上风电工程安全监测研究

随着我国海上风电工程的大量建成,其安全监测成为研究焦点,尤其在极端天气条件下应力状态的监测,对保障风电工程的安全性和可靠性至关重要。本文总结分析了台风"尼伯特"作用下福建莆田平海湾50 MW海上风电场1#机位的钢管桩应力监测、承台应力应变监测和倾斜监测,为海上风电工程的安全监测提供必要的经验数据,同时为其进一步优化改进提供可靠依据。     

色散方程两层稳定的偏心隐格式

利用组合差商法对色散方程ut=auxxx的初边值问题,构造了两组带参数两层四点偏心隐式差分格式PL2,PR2,其截断误差为ο(τ h2),稳定性随参数变化而变化。特殊的,若令某个节点前的系数为0,则得到二阶的半显格式。最后的数例既验证了理论分析的正确性,也说明了特取参数可以增强格式应用的灵活性。     

沉箱防台设计与计算

本文介绍沉箱防台设计与计算,从长波及短波两种情况进行分析。     

一次成功的台风中救助及启示

阐述了一次成功的台风中救助的过程及采取的应对措施,并就救助中发现的问题及得到的启示作了介绍。     

长株潭公交一体化站点设置方案研究

公交一体化是解决城市群之间交通的必然趋势,但由于其范围广泛、部门多,在方案设计、实施等方面存在一定的困难,文章在基于问卷调查的基础上,对长株潭的公交一体化方案中站点设置方案进行了分析、研究。     

船舶“防火、探火、灭火”安全检查

文中笔者就日常船舶安全检查中如何发现的船舶＂防火、探火、灭火＂方面的缺陷和缺陷处理措施进行探讨,这些缺陷有些是船舶在设计、建造时未严格执行规范留下的。     

Part I: Externalities and economic policies in road transport

Road transport imposes negative externalities on society. These externalities include environmental and road damage, accidents, congestion, and oil dependence. The cost of these externalities to society is in general not reflected in the current market prices in the road transport sector.An efficient mobility model for the future must take into account the true costs of transport and its regulatory framework will need to create incentives for people to make sustainable transport choices. This paper discusses the use of economic instruments to correct road transport externalities, but gives relatively more weight to the problem of carbon emissions from road transport, as this is particularly challenging, given its global and long-term nature.Economics offers two types of instruments for addressing the problem of transport externalities: command-and-control and incentive-based policies.Command-and-control policies are government regulations which force consumers and producers to change their behaviour. They are the most widely used policy instruments. Examples include vehicle emission and fuel standards in the US as well as driving or parking restrictions in Singapore. The implementation cost of these instruments to the government is small. Although from an economic perspective these policies often fail to achieve an efficient market outcome, the presence of political constraints often make them the preferred option, in terms of feasibility and effectiveness.Economic theory shows how policies, which affect consumption and production incentives, can be used to achieve the optimal outcome in the presence of externalities. Incentive-based policies function within a new or an altered market. We first examine incentive-based policies, which cap the aggregate amount of the externality, such as carbon emissions, by allocating permits or rights to the emitters. The emitters are then free to trade their permits amongst them. The permit allocation mechanism is important-although market efficiency would be satisfied by an auction, political influences usually favour a proportional allocation based on historic emissions. We discuss EU ETS as an example of a cap-and-trade system, however, no such policy for CO₂ emissions in road transport has been implemented anywhere in the world to date.Fiscal instruments are, like command-and-control, widely used in road transport, because they are relatively cheap and simple to implement. They include the use of taxes and charges in order to bridge the gap between private and the social costs and, in principle, can lead to an efficient market solution. Registration, ownership, fuel, emissions, usage taxes, and parking and congestion charges have been implemented in many countries around the world. On the other side of the spectrum, subsidies can be given to those scrapping old cars and buying fuel-efficient vehicles. Some cities, such as London, have implemented congestion charges and many states in the United States have introduced high occupancy lanes. Other interesting possibilities include pay-as-you-drive insurance and other usage charges. However, the size and scope of taxes and subsidies are determined by governments, and because of their imperfect knowledge of the market the outcome is still likely to be inefficient.Governments have many effective economic instruments to create a sustainable road transport model. These instruments can be used separately or together, but their implementation will be necessary in the nearest future.     

便携式VHF对讲机使用中存在的问题及注意事项

由于便携式VHF对讲机具有价格低廉,通信联系快捷等优点,目前已经广泛使用在港航、船舶等企业。介绍了无线电对讲机的起源,便携式VHF对讲机的频率范围等。分析了便携式VHF对讲机使用中存在的问题,提出了操作注意事项。有参考作用。     

公轨两用过江通道桥隧方案比选

分析了某规划为轨道交通与城市快速路公轨两用过江通道的建设规模和地质条件,重点调查了岩溶发育及特征,提出了具备一定可行性的桥梁和隧道方案。通过对规划用地、交通功能、地质条件适应性、运营安全、经济性,以及对水保区、通航、行洪的影响等方面的比选,最终认为位于岩溶发育区、紧邻一级水源保护区的过江通道采用隧道方案有较高的工程风险和社会风险,而桥梁方案建设费用低,能够满足通航和行洪要求,且设计理论完善,施工经验成熟,对地质条件的适应性较强,具有较高的工程可行性。因此,工程可行性阶段推荐采用公轨两用的桥梁方案。