Indirect method for wheel–rail force measurement and derailment evaluation

Wheel set flange derailment criteria for railway vehicles are derived and the influence of wheel–rail contact parameters is studied. An indirect method for wheel–rail force measurement based on these derailment evaluation criteria is proposed. Laboratory tests for the calibration of strain–force devices on the bearing box are carried out to determine the relationship between the applied force and the measured strain. The simulation package, SIMPACK, is used to develop a passenger car model to generate wheel–rail forces and vibration signals. Different cases are considered in this model to provide an accurate validation of the identified wheel–rail forces. A feasibility test is conducted in the Beijing Loop test line using a passenger car equipped with a set of strain gauges on the wheel set. The comparison of the force time history applied to the instrumented wheel set and that obtained using the indirect method is presented.     

How well a single-track linear model captures the lateral dynamics of long combination vehicles

ABSTRACT

The effect of centre-of-gravity heights on the high-speed performance measures of long combination vehicles including truck with double centre-axle trailers, Nordic, and A-double combination vehicles is investigated. The high fidelity three-dimensional models, used in this research, are validated against physical test data. These models are often accurate in terms of the actual dynamic behaviours of the vehicle. On the other hand, the simple yaw-plane single-track models with linear tires require less number of vehicle parameters. In this paper, it is investigated how accurate the estimations of performance measures are at high forward speeds by such single-track linear (STL) models. The influence of load height is especially studied. The high-speed performance-based standard or PBS measures considered are rearward amplifications of both lateral acceleration and yaw velocity; lateral load transfer; yaw damping and high-speed transient offtracking. The results show that tire relaxation has a large effect and it is rather easy to add to an STL model, so it is assumed to be modelled in STL. With realistically high payload and a required accuracy of PBS measures of approximately 10%, only the accuracy of rearward amplification of yaw velocity calculated by the frequency response is fulfilled by the STL. With low payload, the same statement is valid, but with around 5% in required accuracy. The roll dynamics effects are more important than the tire non-linearities.     

中低速磁悬浮列车线路选线参数分析--坡度值计算与分析

结合CMS-3型磁悬浮列车，分析选线参数中坡度值计算应考虑的问题，导出计算方法，并结合长沙中低速磁悬浮列车试验线和八达岭旅游示范线的设计实例，给出设计结果。     

地铁区间施工方法及造价分析

以深圳地铁一期工程为例，介绍了地铁区间隧道的施工方法、工序及造价分析。     

北京地铁下穿运河区间地下水流速流向测试

地下水流速和流向会影响冻结工程施工效果。以北京地铁6号线下穿运河区间2#联络通道冻结工程为背景,针对地层渗透性强、地层扰动大、河水补给充足,以及周边基坑降水平行施工等复杂条件,采用钻孔勘察和AquaVISION测试仪测试的方法,开展了地下水流速流向现场测试,得到了联络通道处地层地下水流特征数据:流速为11.00~14.00m/d,流向为北偏道东46°。给出了该联络通道冻结设计和施工时的注意事项。     

城市轨道交通换乘站设备系统的资源共享

合理设置城市轨道交通换乘站的设备系统,不仅能提高换乘站的运营管理水平,而且能有效避免设备系统重复投资。介绍了换乘站设备系统资源共享的内容;对换乘站换乘类型、运营管理模式及建设时序等影响资源共享的因素进行了分析;提出了3种换乘站设备系统资源共享总体方案,并从可靠性、经济性、运营管理方便性等方面对相关系统的各具体方案进行了对比分析,提醒出相应的建议。     

基于有限元技术的构件疲劳寿命计算

以转8A型转向架侧架为例,介绍了有限元技术应用于构件疲劳寿命分析的过程。按照"准静态"方法将有限元分析得到的静态应力与实测的载荷时间历程相结合得到模型上各点应力时间历程,结合ZG230 450材料的S N关系进行了结构整体的疲劳寿命计算。有限元分析软件是I DEAS,疲劳寿命分析软件是FE FATIGUE。     

运输需求预测计算机辅助系统研究

在改进传统四阶段预测方法的基础上,设计预测系统的总体结构和流程,介绍供需平衡调整方法,着重阐述系统在多方式运输网络拓扑结构描述方法、广义费用的构成和路径选择模型的改进3方面的工作,并开发了相应的计算机软件系统。在含拟建京沪客运专线在内的多方式运输网的基础上建立研究案例,采用"有无项目"对比的方法,使用所开发的软件系统分析了对比方案中京沪沿线相关区域运输需求的变化。     

膨胀土(岩)湿化性的影响因素及降低湿化性的途径和方法

通过对西南地区8种典型膨胀土(岩)的湿化性试验,研究了矿物成分、粒度成分和微观组构、裂隙性、胶结性和初始含水率对膨胀土(岩)湿化性的影响作用,讨论了重塑土样的湿化性受干密度的影响规律。亲水性粘土矿物和粘粒含量愈多,湿化后的颗粒愈细腻;裂隙密度Imf愈大,湿化速率υt愈快;但湿化速率υt却随胶结系数I的增大呈递减变化;初始含水率w与湿化率At的关系曲线呈降梯形分布,存在两个临界含水率w1、w2;干密度ρd与完全湿化时间t100的关系式为t100=AρBd,A、B为回归系数。最后总结了降低湿化性的途径和方法:①进行土质改良,降低湿化性,提高膨胀土(岩)强度;②对边坡进行合理的支挡防护,降低大气营力的作用程度,减少和控制湿化作用深度,提高边坡的整体和局部稳定性。     

韩国高速列车防撞设计与评估

针对韩国高速列车(KHST)的防撞性能进行深入地研究。选定行驶速度为110km·h-1的列车与一个15t重的刚性障碍物的撞击、两列行驶速度为30km·h-1的列车相撞作为严重撞击的事故场景,两列行驶速度为8km·h-1的列车相撞作为轻度撞击的事故场景。用有限元方法对KHST的防撞性进行了数学评估。一维和二维的仿真分析表明该车整体上具有良好的耐撞性。同时,对动车的前端部分做了三维壳体单元的仿真分析。使用安全带的旅客伤亡试验的结果说明KHST的良好性能足以在设置的事故场景中保护旅客的安全。最后,用实比例的撞击试验对仿真方法进行了验证。