长江下游通州沙西水道整治工程效果分析

针对通州沙西水道存在的诸多问题,2011—2016年间通州沙西水道实施了大规模的河道整治工程,为通州沙汊道形成稳定的双分汊河型创造了有利条件。根据近年来实测水文、地形资料,从通州沙西水道分流比、通州沙沙体、河道的冲淤、河道尺度等方面,分析通州沙西水道河道演变出现的新变化以及整治工程效果。结果表明:通州沙沙体基本稳定,西水道分流比增加2. 4%,-5 m河槽全线贯通,四干河以下-10 m河槽基本贯通,达到工程预期效果。     

基于BP-DS证据理论的航标状态识别模型研究

内河航标标示了可航行水域的边界,是保障内河船舶安全航行的重要前提.面向内河航标不同故障模式,构建一种基于BP-DS证据理论的航标状态识别模型.采用两个BP神经网络分别训练航标基础属性数据与环境因素数据,计算独立的证据值;通过DS证据理论实现航标运行状态识别结果的决策融合.结果表明,基于BP-DS证据理论的航标状态识别模...     

行星齿轮传动齿根动应力计算

针对功率分流行星齿轮传动齿轮重合度大,齿根应力计算工作量大的问题,对齿根动应力的计算问题进行了详细的研究。并以功率分流差动级太阳轮为例,对模型的建立方法、网格的划分方法、载荷的施加方法进行了详细的分析。利用Ansys中的APDL语言形成载荷文件,来控制在1个啮合周期内若干对接触线位置上载荷的施加。本文的计算方法可以精确、快速地得到1个齿在啮合过程中齿根的动应力。     

水下滑翔机滑翔运动的能量分析及水动力性能研究

水下滑翔机是一种新型水下无人潜航器,它通过改变自身的浮力在海中前进,续航时间可长达数月或一年.文中对水下滑翔机滑翔运动过程中的能量变化进行了分析,建立了上浮和下潜运动数学模型,通过数值计算方法对水下滑翔机不同速度和攻角下的水动力进行了计算和分析,可为水下滑翔机总体设计与运动控制提供参考.     

强度折减法在平面滑动型岩质边坡的应用*

岩质边坡平面滑动验算包括岩体内部结构面验算和岩体抗剪强度验算.均质边坡岩体由于抗剪不足产生平面滑动,通过假定破坏面与内摩擦角之间关系迭代求解安全系数,探寻破裂角和内摩擦角之间的关系,进而提出简化估算安全系数公式.通过与数值解对比验算,可知简化公式精度能够满足工程设计要求,可为实际工程提供参考和借鉴.     

Application of new parameterizations of gas transfer velocity and their impact on regional and global marine CO2 budgets

One of the dominant sources of uncertainty in the calculation of air–sea flux of carbon dioxide on a global scale originates from the various parameterizations of the gas transfer velocity, k, that are in use. Whilst it is undisputed that most of these parameterizations have shortcomings and neglect processes which influence air–sea gas exchange and do not scale with wind speed alone, there is no general agreement about their relative accuracy.The most widely used parameterizations are based on non-linear functions of wind speed and, to a lesser extent, on sea surface temperature and salinity. Processes such as surface film damping and whitecapping are known to have an effect on air–sea exchange. More recently published parameterizations use friction velocity, sea surface roughness, and significant wave height. These new parameters can account to some extent for processes such as film damping and whitecapping and could potentially explain the spread of wind-speed based transfer velocities published in the literature.We combine some of the principles of two recently published k parameterizations [Glover, D.M., Frew, N.M., McCue, S.J. and Bock, E.J., 2002. A multiyear time series of global gas transfer velocity from the TOPEX dual frequency, normalized radar backscatter algorithm. In: Donelan, M.A., Drennan, W.M., Saltzman, E.S., and Wanninkhof, R. (Eds.), Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophys. Monograph 127. AGU,Washington, DC, 325–331; Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] to calculate k as the sum of a linear function of total mean square slope of the sea surface and a wave breaking parameter. This separates contributions from direct and bubble-mediated gas transfer as suggested by Woolf [Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] and allows us to quantify contributions from these two processes independently.We then apply our parameterization to a monthly TOPEX altimeter gridded 1.5° × 1.5° data set and compare our results to transfer velocities calculated using the popular wind-based k parameterizations by Wanninkhof [Wanninkhof, R., 1992. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 97: 7373–7382.] and Wanninkhof and McGillis [Wanninkhof, R. and McGillis, W., 1999. A cubic relationship between air−sea CO2 exchange and wind speed. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(13): 1889–1892]. We show that despite good agreement of the globally averaged transfer velocities, global and regional fluxes differ by up to 100%. These discrepancies are a result of different spatio-temporal distributions of the processes involved in the parameterizations of k, indicating the importance of wave field parameters and a need for further validation.     

波状摆动式鱼类的推进性能研究

以开发适用于小型潜器的仿生操纵与推进系统为研究背景,利用计算流体动力学软件Fluent对波状摆动式鱼类进行了数值模拟,建立波状摆动式鱼类的数值计算模型,研究不同变形参数对鱼类推进性能以及尾涡流场结构的影响。结果表明,随着波长的增加,鱼类能够获得更好的推进性能。通过对比不同频率下鱼类推进性能以及流场结构,探讨不同滑移率及斯特劳哈尔数对推进性能影响。     

钦州湾湾口填海对茅尾海水交换能力的影响

以溶解态的保守物质作为示踪剂,建立茅尾海水交换平面二维数学模型,采用开边界污染物浓度梯度与内侧一致假定考虑了边界污染物回归,计算分析了钦州湾湾口两侧大范围填海工程对茅尾海纳潮量和水体半交换周期的影响情况。研究表明：龙门海峡通道顺畅是维持茅尾海纳潮量的关键因素,湾口宽度保持9.4 km以上茅尾海内纳潮量和水体半交换周期基本不受湾口填海工程影响。     

高填方黄土明洞顶EPS板和土工格栅共同减载计算及土拱效应分析

基于土压力减载机理,推导高填方黄土明洞顶铺设EPS板和土工格栅共同减载的明洞顶土压力计算公式。利用ANSYS软件模拟不同弹性模量EPS板和土工格栅共同减载时高填方黄土明洞顶的土压力,采用荷载等效方法将数值模拟的"波浪形"分布的土压力转化为均布荷载,将其与公式计算结果进行对比。结果表明:明洞顶土压力均随内外土柱沉降差的增大而减小,公式计算结果与数值模拟结果最大相对误差为3.59%,验证了计算公式的正确性。取EPS板的弹性模量为0.5 MPa,数值模拟明洞顶土体的竖向位移、最小主应力和竖向应力。结果表明:EPS板变形导致明洞顶最小主应力方向发生旋转,指向外土柱,在0.83倍洞高处出现明显的"应力拱";"应力拱"下部竖向、横向土压力均减小;内外土柱沉降差越大,"应力拱"横向应力越大,承担上部荷载越大,土拱效应越明显。     

基于进化神经网络的超声回弹综合法火灾后混凝土强度的评定

基于火灾高温后混凝土强度的评定是判断火灾后建筑结构损伤程度、剩余承载力的重要依据,设计了一个进化神经网络模型,用遗传进化算法优化RBF网络的连接权和网络结构,并将其应用于火灾后混凝土抗压强度的评定,给出了混凝土强度测试的实验方法。研究结果表明,所提出的进化神经网络比回归计算方法具有更高的识别精度和较强的实用性。