Reduction of skin friction by microbubbles and its relation with near-wall bubble concentration in a channel

Determination of the flow structure near the wall is essential for a clear insight into the phenomenon of skin friction reduction by microbubbles in a turbulent boundary layer. An important parameter, is the bubble concentration or void fraction in the wall region in drag-reducing conditions. The purpose of this paper is to show drag-reducing effects due to microbubbles in a water channel and, more importantly, to show the dependence of the drag-reduction values on the near-wall void fraction. A two-dimensional channel with an aspect ratio of 10 was specially built for this purpose with provisions for air injection through porous plates. Skin friction was directly measured by a miniature floating element transducer with a 5-mm circular sensing disk mounted flush on the top wall 67 channel-heights downstream of the injector. The wall friction in the presence of air bubbles was found to be reduced under the same bulk velocity when compared with the value without air. Detailed void fraction profiles across the channel were obtained by a sampling probe and a fiber-optic probe. Better collapse of the drag reduction data, independent of different profile shapes, was found when plotted against the near-wall void fraction than against a cross-sectional mean void fraction. While this dependence reconfirms that the phenomena are essentially inner-region dependent, the lack of influence of the bubble distribution patterns away from the wall implies lack of outer region influence.     

齿轮修形在机车上的应用

提出了单侧直齿传动大功率电力机车牵引齿轮的齿向螺旋形就形修正、齿端修薄和齿枯、齿根修缘的计算以及设计方法，运用方法成功地研制的ＳＳ７型电力机车的牵引齿轮，结束了我国大功率电力机车有用双侧斜齿轮传的历史。     

重卡外气动性能评估与优化

利用数字仿真方法对某重卡的整车空气动力特性进行仿真分析。通过仿真分析,获得整车的风阻系数;并且根据对整车流场的压力云图分析,发现影响空气阻力系数的关键零件,并对导流罩进行了优化改进。优化后的分析表明改进效果是明显的,空气阻力系数得到了有效降低。     

Optimisation of railway crossing geometry considering a representative set of wheel profiles

A numerical method for robust geometry optimisation of railway crossings is presented. The robustness is achieved by optimising the crossing geometry for a representative set of wheel profiles. As a basis for the optimisation, a crossing geometry is created where rail cross-sectional profiles and longitudinal height profiles of both wing rails and crossing nose are parameterised. Based on the approximation that the two problems are decoupled, separate optimisations are performed for the cross-sectional rail profiles and the longitudinal height profiles. The rail cross sections are optimised to minimise the maximum Hertzian wheel–rail contact pressure. The longitudinal height profiles are optimised to minimise the accumulated damage in the wing rail to crossing nose transition zone. The accumulated damage is approximated using an objective criterion that accounts for the angle of the wheel trajectory reversal during the transition from the wing rail to the crossing nose as well as the distribution of transition points for the utilised wheel profile set. It is found that small nonlinear height deviations from a linear longitudinal wing rail profile in the transition zone can reduce the objective compared to the nominal design. It is further demonstrated that the variation in wheel profile shapes, lateral wheel displacements and the feasible transition zone length of the crossing will determine the longitudinal height profiles of the wing rail and crossing nose if all wheel profiles are to make their transition within the transition zone.     

预应力连续梁悬拼施工关键技术研究与应用

基于高精度几何线形控制和大型机械化集成装备系统施工的节段预制桥梁悬拼技术,已广泛用于国内外桥梁施工。根据厄瓜多尔国家联合大桥（巴巴奥约河大桥）75 m跨径连续梁桥的工程特点,采用有限元法计算全桥预拱度,采用GeomPro软件控制与调整几何线形,介绍JP75架桥机、水上龙门吊、悬臂支架锁定、长束张拉、强制合龙及体系转换等关键设备与施工技术的研究与应用。     

船用丙纶缆绳的水阻力试验研究

在船模拖曳水池中进行了船用丙纶缆绳的水阻力试验。缆绳切向阻力系数由长、短两根裸绳直拖试验而获得,为0.036;法向阻力系数由缆绳悬挂重物吊拖试验得到为1.66。     

采用微气泡缩减高速船拖曳阻力(英文)

Ship hull form of the underwater area strongly influences the resistance of the ship.The major factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance.Bulbous bows,polymer paint,water repellent paint(highly water-repellent wall),air injection,and specific roughness have been used by researchers as an attempt to obtain the resistance reduction and operation efficiency of ships.Micro-bubble injection is a promising technique for lowering frictional resistance.The injected air bubbles are supposed to somehow modify the energy inside the turbulent boundary layer and thereby lower the skin friction.The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of injected micro bubbles on a navy fast patrol boat(FPB) 57 m type model with the following main dimensions:L=2 450 mm,B=400 mm,and T=190 mm.The influence of the location of micro bubble injection and bubble velocity was also investigated.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was precisely measured by a load cell transducer.Comparison of ship resistance with and without micro-bubble injection was shown on a graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number.It was shown that micro bubble injection behind the mid-ship is the best location to achieve the most effective drag reduction,and the drag reduction caused by the micro-bubbles can reach 6%-9%.     

60 kg/m钢轨和60N钢轨轮轨接触几何关系对比分析

为揭示我国新研究设计的60N钢轨的轮轨接触几何关系,运用常用的迹线法,以LM型和LMA型车轮踏面为例,对60 kg/m钢轨(简称60钢轨)和60N钢轨轮轨接触几何关系及其对轨底坡和轮对摇头的适应性进行详细研究。结果表明:相比60钢轨,60N钢轨与LM型和LMA型踏面匹配时,轮轨接触点在钢轨上位于钢轨中心位置附近,同时不会在钢轨轨距角附近出现轮轨接触,且在发生轮缘接触前,60N钢轨相比60钢轨对应的等效锥度随着轮对横移量变化很小,说明60N钢轨有效的改善了轮轨接触几何关系;同60钢轨,60N钢轨对于LM型车轮踏面,当轨底坡为1/20时匹配更佳,对于LMA型车轮踏面,当轨底坡为1/40时匹配更佳,而摇头角对60钢轨和60N钢轨的影响基本一致。     

基于虚拟激励法的轨道车辆垂向振动响应分析

针对传统的随机振动分析方法计算复杂、计算量大的问题,提出采用虚拟激励法求解轨道车辆的垂向振动响应,建立某型车辆的垂向动力学模型,求解车辆的垂向振动响应并验证模型的正确性.与传统求解方法的计算结果比较表明,虚拟激励法适合于求解车辆的垂向振动响应,并且计算简单.在频域内对车辆垂向振动响应的分析表明:随着车辆运行速度的提高,车体、前后转向架以及一位轮对的垂向加速度的功率谱密度和振动主频均增大,轮对的垂向振动经一系悬挂传到转向架,再经二系悬挂传到车体,其振动频率f降低,振动幅值迅速减小,传到车体上时振动已变得很弱;f＞5Hz时,车体、前后转向架和一位轮对垂向加速度的功率谱密度均随着一系阻尼器两端橡胶节点刚度与一系弹簧刚度比值的增大而增加,尤其是车体和前后转向架的垂向加速度的功率谱密度变化更为明显,因此降低橡胶节点的刚度有利于提高车辆运行的平稳性.     

New method for predicting full-scale power performance of pumpjet propulsion system based on statistical learning北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对“适配于螺旋桨的船尾线型+泵喷推进器”构成的船舶泵喷推进系统,提出一种基于统计学习的实船快速性预报新方法。[方法]以某大型水面船舶泵喷推进系统为对象,通过神经网络学习典型推进泵的推力系数图谱曲线,综合运用船-桨配合时的K_(T)-J曲线和船体-喷泵配合时的推力特性曲线,建立“仅需船舶阻力曲线就能实现船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报”的新方法,并基于船模阻力试验、泵喷模型敞水试验及船体-泵喷自航试验的测量换算结果对实船推进性能的预报结果开展精度校验。[结果]校验结果表明:在航速18~30 kn范围内,船舶泵喷推进系统的自航转速、推力和功率的预报误差可控制在5.4%以内,其中设计航速附近的误差甚至小于2%;船体-泵喷的相互作用程度介于船-桨与船体-喷泵之间且幅值相对较小,推力减额系数为趋向于0的极小值,故船舶泵喷推进系统是介于桨轴推进系统和喷水推进系统之间的产物。[结论]该预报方法有利于提升船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报的能力,可为新型舰艇泵类推进系统总体设计/研究提供参考。