海上低空探空剖面数据的小波降噪方法研究*

传感器噪声是影响海上低空探空剖面测量的重要因素,对被测信号进行消噪处理是测量中必不可少的步骤。文章阐述了利用小波变换对探空剖面这类非平稳信号进行消噪的方法,通过仿真以及对实测数据的降噪处理结果得出,利用小波对含噪信号进行降噪是一种有效的手段。     

钝头列车加装底罩结构的减阻效果分析

为减少钝头列车的气动阻力,对车头圆顶、车体底罩、车间风挡的假想模型进行数值模拟计算。结果表明:钝头列车加装车体底罩及车头前部圆顶等结构,并以高于100km/h的速度运行时,减阻效果良好,行驶速度越高,减阻效果越明显。     

吸喷结合式水翼水动力及空泡性能的数值分析

以NACA0012为研究对象,采用2种湍流模型对翼型绕流进行模拟,通过与实验值对比,确定了合理的湍流模型.分别计算分析了船用水翼添加前缘抽吸作用、后缘喷水作用、吸喷结合作用后,升力系数、阻力系数和升阻比的变化情况,结果表明,船用水翼在微吸水、喷水或吸喷结合作用下均提升了翼型的升阻比,起到了增效的作用.开展了翼型在无吸喷、单吸口、单喷口及吸喷结合形式下的定常与非定常空泡流动的数值模拟,计算结果表明,前缘吸水可以抑制空泡的发展,尾部喷水却会使翼型空泡分布扩大化,吸喷结合形式较为适中;针对翼型的3种改进均使空泡周期增长,可抑制单位时间内空泡云的脱落,减少对水翼表面的剥蚀.     

Parametric analysis of wheel wear in high-speed vehicles

In order to reduce the wheel profile wear of highspeed trains and extend the service life of wheels, a dynamic model for a high-speed vehicle was set up, in which the wheelset was regarded as flexible body, and the actual measured track irregularities and line conditions were considered. The wear depth of the wheel profile was calculated by the well-known Archard wear law. Through this model, the influence of the wheel profile, primary suspension stiffness, track gage, and rail cant on the wear of wheel profile were studied through multiple iterafive calculations. Numerical simulation results show that the type XP55 wheel profile has the smallest cumulative wear depth, and the type LM wheel profile has the largest wear depth. To reduce the wear of the wheel profile, the equivalent conicity of the wheel should not be too large or too small. On the other hand, a small primary vertical stiffness, a track gage around 1,435-1,438 mm, and a rail cant around 1：35-1：40 are beneficial for dynamic performance improvement and wheel wear alleviation.     

路面破损特征量的激光检测研究

为科学准确地计算出某一路段沥青路面的破损量,降低维护费用,研制了路面破损激光检测系统,应用激光测距仪、倾角传感器、陀螺仪等先进电子传感器对路面的破损特征量进行三维测量和定位,来检测路面的破损程度及通过坐标变换法计算出沥青路面的总破损体积量。     

曲线区钢轨双打磨廓形设计方法

为探究货运线路中曲线区段磨耗钢轨的打磨方法对钢轨的服役寿命及列车运行安全的直接影响,针对曲线区段钢轨打磨廓形设计方法开展研究。设计多段圆弧和半径等多参变量的平滑设计方法,构建钢轨廓形描述模型,结合车辆-轨道耦合动力学及轮轨接触分析,设计不同权重系数,建立缓和曲线及恒定半径曲线段的磨耗钢轨打磨廓形的多目标函数,采用优化算法求解并进行对比分析。研究结果表明：与传统单一打磨廓形相比,设计廓形对缓和曲线段和恒定半径曲线段,钢轨材料去除量分别降低了39.02%和20.47%;动力学性能显著提升。在缓和曲线段和恒定半径曲线段的交接处,轮对横移量最高降低了89.45%,过渡更加平缓。轮轨接触几何分布均匀,改善了车辆入弯前后的运行性能和曲线通过性能。轮轨接触斑面积增加,且随轮对横移量变化平缓,最大Mises应力和最大法向接触应力相对于优化前均有明显改善。采用双打磨廓形设计能够有效延长曲线区段钢轨使用寿命。     

针摆传动中弓背齿廓的受力分析

针对针摆传动中的高精度要求,给出了求最佳修形量的优化方法,在对齿廓修形产生的几何相对转角进行计算的基础上提出了弓背齿廓,进行了理论分析研究,并通过动态受力分析方法得到齿面接触力和接触应力.采用弓背齿廓修形方式计算结果表明,最佳弓背齿廓修形可以获得较小几何相对转角,有效减小回转误差,实现高精度传动,以适用于有高精度要求的针摆传动中.     

清水冲刷河床调整过程试验研究

通过沙质河床清水冲刷水槽试验,对河床纵剖面的调整、沙波尺度、粗化层厚度及其与沙波运动关系、粗化层级配、推移质级配等进行了观测分析,进一步揭示了清水冲刷,河床重建平衡的机理。水槽试验表明,沙质河床清水冲刷,上游河段比降调平,床沙粗化,沙波发育,河床阻力增大,水深增大,流速减小,导致河床供沙能力削弱,输沙能力降低,冲刷向不冲刷转化。     

移动地面条件下的微型车外流场数值模拟研究

为研究地面边界条件对汽车外流场数值模拟的影响,制定了两种方案对某微型车进行数值模拟计算,并对结果进行分析．研究表明：不同的地面边界条件对汽车的底部流场有很大的影响,而对上部流场影响不大;不同的地面边界条件对汽车的气动升力和前轮的升力影响很大,对气动阻力和后轮升力影响较小;在汽车的外流场数值模拟中,采用移动地面条件可以提高数值模拟的精度．     

Fluid forces acting on three and four long side-by-side flexible cylinders undergoing flow-induced vibration(FIV)

Multiple side-by-side cylinders are widely employed in many engineering applications. Consequently, flow-induced vibrations (FIV), which have a significant influence on structural reliability, have drawn considerable concern from many investigators. Due to the complicated wake interactions behind the cylinders, the hydrodynamic characteristics of multiple side-by-side cylinders subject to FIV are obviously different from those of a single cylinder. Hydrodynamic force coefficients play an important role in evaluating structural reliability and predicting fatigue damage. However, few relevant investigations have been performed on hydrodynamic force coefficients of multiple side-by-side flexible cylinders, which require further research. In this paper, the hydrodynamic force coefficients of three and four side-by-side flexible cylinders with a spacing ratio of 6.0 are obtained by an inverse analysis method based on the oscillation displacements. In the resonance regions, the hydrodynamic force coefficients of multiple cylinders exhibit variation trends similar to those of a single cylinder, especially at higher reduced velocities. In the mode switch regions, relatively large deviations exist between the coefficients of multiple cylinders and single cylinder. The inner cylinder in the three-cylinder system shows prominently distinctive behaviour compared with the outer two cylinders. For the four-cylinder system in a side-by-side arrangement, the outer two cylinders show relatively slight differences between each other compared with the inner two cylinders.