基于数据融合的公交客流规模测算方法

公交客流规模测算往往存在调查成本受限和准确度要求较高的矛盾.提出基于公交IC卡历史数据与人工补充调查数据的数据融合测算方法,以准确推算公交客流规模.首先根据公交线路的基本属性,采用聚类分析方法划分线路类型,从每一类中选择具有代表性的线路.基于IC卡数据分析公交客流时变特征,运用有序样本聚类Fisher算法将线路小时刷卡量进行聚类分析.划分刷卡量相似时段,进而采用优化方法确定调查抽样率,确定相应的调查车辆进行人工补充调查,最终经过数据融合计算获得公交客流规模.基于上海市某辖区IC卡数据进行案例分析,测算得到三类公交线路的日均客流量.     

Pushing the CZMA Envelope: California: The First State to Litigate the New Federal Law

As noted often by the former California Coastal Commission Executive Director Peter Douglas, the history of how the California coast was saved is a great repository of untold stories. Although the Commission has had a dramatic and tangible impact on California's coastal geography, the public is largely unaware of many of its early accomplishments. This article begins to chronicle the rich stories of California's coastal legacy by telling the story of how the Commission utilized the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) to prevent Southern Pacific Railroad from developing a seven-mile stretch of the Monterey Bay shoreline. In so doing, the Commission helped make possible the creation of the Monterey Peninsula Recreational Trail, a public bicycle and pedestrian path that has grown to sixteen miles in length and runs through the heart of John Steinbeck's world-famous Cannery Row. The controversy also was the subject of the first judicial challenge of a state's federal authority under the CZMA and precluded private commercial and residential development that would have dramatically altered the urban form of the Monterey Peninsula. It is important to tell the story as the Coastal Commission's role in this remarkable accomplishment has been almost completely overlooked.     

Public Perception of Ocean Governance and Marine Resources Management in Taiwan

Understanding public perception of the oceans, and relationship between society and the sea is an important key to the sustainable management of marine resources. This research reports the first population-based survey on Taiwanese public knowledge, attitudes, and actions on marine-related issues. The stratified random sampling by county was completed with 1,120 telephone respondents from October to December 2010. More than 60% of the respondents have heard about global warming, sea-level rising, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the coral reef bleaching crisis, and Japan whaling fisheries. However, less than 20% of the respondents are aware of Taiwanese domestic marine policies, such as the Ocean White Paper. On resources conservation, 74.7% of the respondents support the bluefin tuna catches regulations and 76.6% agree that the shark fin fisheries will impact shark resources. Education and age are the major affecting variables for resource conservation and knowledge. Higher education and age 40–49 are most supportive of conservation measures. For marine recreational activities, 42.2% of the respondents can swim, and 44.2% of the respondents had not visited the beach in the previous year. The results suggest that the government could establish a specialized agency to strengthen its marine policy and take more actions to protect ocean environment and conserve marine resources. To encourage more Taiwanese to participate in ocean recreational activities, the government could build a safe facility for marine recreation, cooperate with the private sectors in education, and provide outreach to raise public awareness of the oceans.     

The Offshore Wind Power Debate: Views from Cape Cod

Wind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are estimated to be over 400 GW, several times the electricity used by U.S. eastern coastal states. The first U.S. developer proposes to build 130 large (40 story tall) wind turbines in Nantucket Sound, just outside Massachusetts state waters. These would provide 420 MW at market prices, enough electricity for most of Cape Cod. The project is opposed by a vigorous and well-financed coalition. Polling shows local public opinion on the project almost equally divided. This article draws on semistructured interviews with residents of Cape Cod to analyze values, beliefs, and logic of supporters and opponents. For example, one value found to lead to opposition is that the ocean is a special place that should be kept natural and free of human intrusion. One line of argument found to lead to support is: The war in Iraq is problematic, this war is “really” over petroleum, Cape Cod generates electricity from oil, therefore, the wind project would improve U.S. security. Based on analysis of the values and reasoning behind our interview data, we identify four issues that are relevant but not currently part of the debate.     

太原市可持续交通发展策略研究

针对太原市社会、经济、交通现状提出发展可持续交通的思想,并从交通管理体制、制定交通规划以及具体措施几个方面提出相应的策略以求交通发展能满足当代人和后代的交通需求,实现与资源、环境的协调发展。     

西安市南北中轴线改造工程设计思考

该文通过西安市南北中轴线改造过程中对横断面型式的确定、旧路材料的再生利用、公交停靠站的设计等技术问题的探索和尝试,提出了解决的方法和见解,同时介绍了旧路改造设计中得到的启示。     

重大突发公共卫生事件下城市应急医疗物资优化调度研究

针对新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）疫情防控中应急医疗物资调度不尽合理、集配中心中转效率不够高等问题，重新设计了重大突发公共卫生事件下城市应急医疗物资调度与配送体系，并给出了应急医疗物资的分类方法。从医疗物资使用需求和库存估计可使用时间2个维度构建需求点紧急度指标，考虑突发公共卫生事件特征，以加权的需求满足率最大化为主要目标、车辆行驶距离最小化为次要目标，构建应急医疗物资动态分配模型，并通过算例验证了模型的有效性和可行性。结果表明：所构建的模型能够兼顾医疗物资分配的公平和效率，符合突发公共卫生事件中应急医疗物资供给和需求的动态变化特性，确保在物资短时间供给不足的情况下各需求点也能公平获取一定比例的物资；且模型仅要求各需求点上报各种品类医疗物资的使用人数和库存量，同时模型还给出数据缺失时的自动计算办法，可操作性更强；运用紧急度指标对需求满足率最大化目标进行校正，解决了各需求点因需求量差异对公平分配造成的影响，使得应急医疗物资分配更加合理。研究成果结合了新冠肺炎疫情防控中应急医疗物资调度的具体过程，使得分配模型更符合实际需要，可为城市应急医疗物资优化调度提供决策依据。     

无碰撞区准同步跳频通信系统多址干扰性能分析

基于跳频通信边缘效应的多址干扰性能分析模型,即四碰撞态Markov过程模型,本文分析了基于新型无碰撞区(NHZ)跳频序列的准同步跳频通信系统用户干扰性能。当准同步跳频系统组网时工作在NHZ跳频序列集的无碰撞区内时,用户的载波频率表现为无碰撞状态;而在无碰撞区边缘的碰撞状态则可视具体情况分为无碰撞或左碰撞或右碰撞状态;对于无碰撞区外的碰撞状态则为无碰撞或左碰撞或右碰撞或左右都碰撞的状态。据此本文分析了无碰撞区准同步跳频通信系统的载波频率碰撞状态序列的特性,并提出适合无碰撞区准同步跳频通信系统的用户干扰性能分析模型。分析和数值结果表明,采用NHZ跳频码的准同步跳频通信系统的多址干扰性能优于采用随机跳频码的异步通信系统。     

在建公共建筑周边道路软基处理方案研究

针对南方软土地区在建体育馆等公共建筑周边地基处理问题,文章通过对水泥搅拌桩及竖向塑料排水板+堆载预压两种方法的技术性、经济性及可实施性等方面进行对比,得出水泥搅拌桩是此种工况下更合理的工程设计方案。根据大型公共建筑和周边市政道路容易产生不均匀沉降的问题,提出了增加土工格栅及设置绿化过渡带等处理措施,并提出通过施工期间的沉降监测及施工工序,尽量减小软土地区不同类型建筑物的不均匀沉降,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

“一路一线直行式”公共交通系统关键技术研究

为了提高公交出行者的出行效率与公交系统运行效率，最大限度地满足城市居民的公交出行需求，提出了一种“一路一线直行式”公共交通系统模式．通过分析“一路一线直行式”公共交通系统的内涵和特征，构建了模式研究的理论框架结构体系；然后着重探讨了实现这一模式所需要解决的关键技术问题，即该模式下客流分析技术、线网布局与站点设置一体化设计技术、公交优先通行信号控制与公交智能调度一体化协调技术等．