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There is an increase in risks and catastrophic losses in maritime transport including ports and cargo. Significant losses have been associated with large scale natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones, and other extreme weather events. This paper identifies the main gaps in understanding maritime risks in transportation research. The gaps are attributed to insufficient empirical work available from the maritime transport and logistics research community to guide multi-risk and natural hazards impact assessment on seaport and cargo. In addition, disaster studies communities have barely made adequate efforts to understand and assess port and cargo risks arising from multi-hazards and disaster events. This paper examines existing conceptual frameworks concerning exposure and risk assessments of natural catastrophe’s impacts. Furthermore, the paper identifies trends and gaps in risk assessment frameworks in the field of disaster studies that can be beneficial for maritime risk research. The authors propose a new risk assessment framework that can guide future research and multi-hazard risk assessment processes at different scales of maritime risks. 相似文献
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There have been ongoing debates over whether battery electric vehicles contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in China’s context, and if yes, whether the greenhouse gas emissions reduction compensates the cost increment. This study informs such debate by examining the life-cycle cost and greenhouse gas emissions of conventional vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles, and comparing their cost-effectiveness for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The results indicate that under a wide range of vehicle and driving configurations (range capacity, vehicle use intensity, etc.), battery electric vehicles contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared with conventional vehicles, although their current cost-effectiveness is not comparable with hybrid electric vehicles. Driven by grid mix optimization, power generation efficiency improvement, and battery cost reduction, the cost-effectiveness of battery electric vehicles is expected to improve significantly over the coming decade and surpass hybrid electric vehicles. However, considerable uncertainty exists due to the potential impacts from factors such as gasoline price. Based on the analysis, it is recommended that the deployment of battery electric vehicles should be prioritized in intensively-used fleets such as taxis to realize high cost-effectiveness. Technology improvements both in terms of power generation and vehicle electrification are essential in improving the cost-effectiveness of battery electric vehicles. 相似文献
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Public Transport (PT) systems rely more and more on online information extracted from both operator’s intelligent equipment and user’s smartphone applications. This allows for a better fit between supply and demand of the multimodal PT system, especially through the use of PT real-time control actions/tactics. In doing so there is also an opportunity to consider environmental-related issues to approach energy saving and reduced pollution. This study investigates and analyses the benefits of using real-time PT operational tactics in reducing the undesirable environmental impacts. A tactic-based control (TBC) optimization model is used to minimize total passenger travel time and maximize direct transfers (without waiting). The model consists of a control policy built upon a combination of three tactics: holding, skip-stops, and boarding limit. The environmental-related measure is the global warming potential (GWP) using the life cycle assessment technique. The methodology developed is applied to a real life case study in Auckland, New Zealand. Results show that TBC could reduce the GWP by means of reduction of total passenger travel times and vehicle travel cycle time. That is, the TBC model results in a 5.6% reduction in total GWP per day compared with an existing no-tactic scenario. This study supports the use of real-time control actions to maintain a reliable PT service, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and subsequently moving towards greener PT systems. 相似文献
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针对航道治理建设规划环境影响识别及指标体系建立问题,对长江干线"十三五"航道治理建设规划环境影响评价成果进行分析研究,采用系统分析、生态因子识别、生态影响判别等方法,得出规划要素与资源、环境要素之间的关系,并结合环境目标提出评价指标体系,可为航道规划环境影响评价提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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由于护岸抛石中存在的回淤和沉降现象,在质量检验中如果按常规的检验方法验收,很难真实反映抛石的厚度。为了能真实反映抛石的实际质量,研究了护岸抛石在回淤和沉降的情况下质量检测方法,得出“实时检测+抛石沉降量”检测其厚度、再通过抛后旁扫检测其覆盖范围的检验方法。 相似文献
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基于考虑水体斜压的MIKE3数值模型的HD模块和Ecolab模块,对长江口及附近海域水动力环境进行数值模拟,并将验证好的模型用于分析预测实施北支中束窄工程对周边水动力环境造成的影响。研究结果表明:中束窄工程围填后,北支流速均有一定程度的降低,北支上段汊口处受到南支涨潮的影响,涨急流速有增大趋势;北支束窄工程对盐度的影响趋势为北支区域盐度值有明显的降低,对枯季北支的盐度倒灌南支起到了明显的控制作用;工程实施后,北支河口处磷酸盐、无机氮与叶绿素a含量增加明显;北支中上段磷酸盐与无机氮平均浓度略有降低,而叶绿素a含量整体有上升趋势。工程围填对南支及外海区域的水动力特征及营养盐含量影响较小。 相似文献