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861.
Integrated land use/transportation forecasting models add significant policy and infrastructure alternatives analysis capabilities to the urban planning process. The financial, time, and staff requirements to develop these models has put them beyond the reach of most small to medium sized urban areas. This paper presents the land use allocation submodel of the Simple, Efficient, Elegant, and Effective model of land use and transportation (SE3M), an integrated land use and transportation forecasting model founded upon Economic Base Theory and Bid-rent Theory. The Bid-rent Land Use Model (BLUM) is an agent based, spatial competition model utilizing unique utility curves for willingness to pay and incomes for budget constrained abilities to pay for each agent. The model structure, estimation, calibration, implementation, and validation are presented. With a single year of land use data available, the validation approach used the Kappa Index of Agreement to spatially check model outputs against base year control data while controlling for agreement by chance. The U.S. territory of Guam is used as the case study/proof of concept implementation for this model framework. Once calibrated, BLUM could solve the spatial competition problem on Guam in less than two minutes of processing time with over 90% accuracy.  相似文献   
862.
Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.  相似文献   
863.
This paper proposes simple and direct formulation and algorithms for the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem. It is only necessary to account for random variables independent of link flows by performing a simple transformation of the perceived link travel time with a normal distribution. At every iteration of a Monte-Carlo simulation procedure, the values of the random variables are sampled based on their probability distributions, and then a regular deterministic user equilibrium assignment is carried out to produce link flows. The link flows produced at each iteration of the Monte-Carlo simulation are averaged to yield the final flow pattern. Two test networks demonstrate that the proposed algorithms and the traditional algorithm (the Method of Successive Averages) produce similar results and that the proposed algorithms can be extended to the computation of the case in which the random error term depends on measured travel time.  相似文献   
864.
Land use can influence walking (measured by the number of steps) and so the health of people. This paper presents the result of empirical research on the impact of regional population densities (inhabitants per inhabitable area) on the number of steps (all steps, both outdoors and indoors). With data collected from almost 11,000 respondents in 148 Japanese regions, we estimate polynomial regression models, the total number of steps being the dependent variable and densities being the main independent variable. Regional population density significantly affects the number of steps after controlling for individual and household attributes. The estimated population density that maximizes the number of steps is around 11,000?persons/km2. Increasing densities, up to levels of around 11,000?inhabitants/km2, could increase walking and consequently the health of inhabitants. The population density elasticity of the number of steps is 0.046–0.049 in a simple log linear regression model without a peak.  相似文献   
865.
船体曲面成形技术是船舶加工过程中重要的环节。如何更好更快实现船体复杂曲面加工,一致以来备受国内外学者的关注。本文借鉴插补原理,对传统船体复杂曲面加热线布置进行了优化设计,得到了圆弧形板、s形板、帆形板和马鞍板的加热线。采用COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件,分析四种加热线下钢板变形情况,并通过实验检验了插补形式下的船体曲面成形效果。结果表明:(1)插补算法得到的船体曲面加热线路程比传统加热线路程节约75%以上。(2)对有限元计算位移进行曲面拟合,得到的预测模型与实际船体曲面基本一致。(3)实验了四种曲面加热线,并将有限元预测位移与实验进行对比,二者误差在6%以内,有限元计算与实验结果基本吻合。该方法降低加工时间,提高加工效率。  相似文献   
866.
采用传统的冲孔灌注桩施工工艺进行海上灌注桩施工时,往往会面临适用条件限制、环境污染、施工成本增加等问题。针对三亚凤凰岛项目海上冲孔灌注桩施工特点,介绍通过优化钢平台结构形式及布局设计、泥浆循环系统优化设计、结构稳定性计算、"四新设备"创新应用等措施,有效降低施工成本、提高施工效率、减少环境污染、提高施工质量。结果表明采取的工艺优化和平台改进措施效果良好、实用性强。  相似文献   
867.
新扩建的以色列阿什杜德港项目位于地中海开敞海域,受中长周期波浪影响严重,且地质条件复杂,项目主体结构形式多样、施工难度大。通过波浪预报和地质条件分析,提出了多项创新施工技术,克服了开敞海域中长周期波浪对施工的影响,并成功引入到外海碎石桩、深水防波堤、码头桩基等关键分项工程施工中,相关施工经验可供类似项目借鉴。  相似文献   
868.
虞红海 《水运工程》2018,(2):203-205
针对强夯施工产生的强烈地面振动会对周围人和环境产生不利影响、采用连续屏障隔振成本较高的问题,进行强夯振动试验和砂石桩隔振试验研究。对比研究不同砂石桩材料、桩距的试验方法,得到不同材料、桩距砂石桩的隔振效果差异,得出"砂石桩屏障对强夯具有较好的隔振效果,且隔振效果随砂石桩间距变小而增强"的结论。  相似文献   
869.
针对中美欧日各国关于桩基设计方法的异同,在设计理论基础、单桩轴向抗压承载力、单桩抗拔承载力和水平承载力等方面进行了综合对比分析。并以工程实例为基础,计算了桩的抗压、抗拔极限承载力和折算允许值,得出中国规范安全裕度适中、水平承载力计算方法涵盖面广、可向海外推广的结论,并提出了工程设计中的关注点。  相似文献   
870.
定位桩是游艇码头的一种重要锚碇形式,现行规范对游艇码头风荷载、波浪荷载等规定存在不详尽之处,为完善游艇码头定位桩的计算分析,采用ANSYS有限元软件对游艇码头在风荷载和波浪荷载作用下的受力情况进行分析,对游艇码头定位桩计算提出合理建议,建议游艇码头计算采用整体建模,风荷载的遮挡效应应考虑船型、受风高度、船舶间距等因素。  相似文献   
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