Emission rates of intermodal rail/road and road-only transportation in Europe: A comprehensive simulation study

Intermodal rail/road transportation combines advantages of both modes of transport and is often seen as an effective approach for reducing the environmental impact of freight transportation. This is because it is often expected that rail transportation emits less greenhouse gases than road transportation. However, the actual emissions of both modes of transport depend on various factors like vehicle type, traction type, fuel emission factors, payload utilization, slope profile or traffic conditions. Still, comprehensive experimental results for estimating emission rates from heavy and voluminous goods in large-scale transportation systems are hardly available so far. This study describes an intermodal rail/road network model that covers the majority of European countries. Using this network model, we estimate emission rates with a mesoscopic model within and between the considered countries by conducting a large-scale simulation of road-only transports and intermodal transports. We show that there are high variations of emission rates for both road-only transportation and intermodal rail/road transportation over the different transport relations in Europe. We found that intermodal routing is more eco-friendly than road-only routing for more than 90% of the simulated shipments. Again, this value varies strongly among country pairs.     

Long-term impact of the Shinkansen on rail and air demand: analysis with data from Northeast Japan

This paper analyses how the high-speed rail construction in Northeast Japan (Tohoku) has affected total demand and interregional travel patterns. We use annual interregional passenger data from 1989 to 2012 and apply regression analysis with the demand between Tokyo and the Tohoku prefectures as the dependent variable. We distinguish particularly between the ‘Full-’ and the ‘Mini-’ Shinkansen, where the latter are branch services running with reduced speed. We find that the ‘Full-Shinkansen’ quickly increases rail and total public transport trips and generates additional rail demand year on year. The ‘Mini-Shinkansen’ impacts are less pronounced. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the Shinkansen has shifted some demand from air to rail once it started operation and increased rail share gradually. We therefore suggest that predictions of demand impacts should carefully distinguish immediate from gradual impacts. We also discuss differences in regional demand in that not all prefectures have gained equally from Shinkansen construction.     

自动化轨道吊门腿形式对轨道运行公差的适应性

针对自动化轨道吊"双刚腿"和"一刚一柔"两种门腿形式,根据技术参数和计算工况,分析在不同轨道运行公差情况下的适应性,并结合2种门腿形式轨道吊的运行案例,提出对堆场基础沉降导致轨道变形的敏感性,为码头建设单位轨道吊选型提供参考。     

无塔架缆索吊装预制横梁及吊杆安装技术

结合瀑布沟大桥工程实际,详细介绍了无塔架缆索吊机的设计方法和无塔架缆索吊装预制横梁及吊杆的安装技术。     

新交通轨道工程承轨槽施工技术

天津开发区新交通导向轨工程中，承轨槽的施工是整个工程的一道关键工序，其施工质量直接影响到导向轨的定位精度、环氧树脂的粘接强度及整个工程的施工效果。主要介绍了承轨槽的施工方案、施工工艺及其验收，以供参考。     

���й����ͨϵͳ�˷���ַ����о�

为了适应经济发展，我国许多城市加快了轨道交通的建设步伐。私营公司与政府签订合作协议，共同参与运营管理，这打破了以往一家运营商的垄断局面。如何在保证高质量的运营效率的同时，兼顾各家运营商的收益分配，运费清分的研究显得十分重要。本文分析了影响清分的主要因素和原则，建立有效路径选择模型和基于概率的多路径选择模型。采用改进的遍历算法以保证有效路径集的完整性。利用c++程序计算出各条路径的分担比例和各家运营商的清分比例，给出了提高清分比例的研究结论和建议。     

Train Energy-saving Scheme with Evaluation in Urban Mass Transit Systems

In the urban rail transport, factors influencing the consumption of operation energy of trains include the performance of train traction and breaking, weight of the train, the condition of line, the mode of signal blocking, and the mode of train control. The operation energy for trains can be saved by making alteration to the relevant conditions. This paper focuses on the influence of the line conditions on the energy conservation of the urban rail transit using case design and the system simulation. This paper studies energy conservation using the data obtained from the curve (especially small-radius curve), the ramp (divided into upper and lower ramp), and weight of the train. The paper also analyzes the condition for saving energy, which is obtained from the energy-saving slope, and designs energy-saving programs suitable for different section conditions.     

独立旋转车轮变轨距转向架

简要介绍了国外现有的变轨距转向架的运用与发展现状，根据中国国情，提出了一种采用独立旋转车轮的新型变轨距转向架方案，并对其总体结构及变轨距机理进行了分析，利用计算机数值模拟方法对变轨距转向架的动力学性能进行了研究。结果表明，提出的变轨距转向架方案是可行性的，其具有较好的直线运行稳定性和平稳性，但其直线对中性能和曲线通过性能有待采取必要的措施加以改善。     

简支梁桥有载频率分析

根据桥梁固有频率的定义求解桥梁振动微分方程，给出了列车荷载作用下简支梁桥有载频率的解析表达式．研究表明，桥梁有载频率与其上作用车辆的简化模型、过桥车辆数、行车速度以及桥梁跨度等有关：1辆车简化为4个或2个轮对时，桥梁有载频率很接近，比较符合实际情况；车辆总长超过桥梁跨度时，桥梁有载频率呈稳定的周期性变化；桥梁有载频率随时间变化，与车辆在桥上的位置有关，且行车速度越快，频率变化越快。     

基于模糊综合评价模型的轨道交通安全性评价

为保障轨道交通的安全运行,需要对轨道交通进行安全性评价．针对影响轨道交通安全的各种因素,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,从运营管理、设施设备、从业人员及外部条件等4个方面,建立了层次结构的评价指标;根据层次分析法,确定了各项评价指标的权重;用模糊数学方法,建立了轨道交通安全性评价的二级模糊综合评价模型;对轨道交通的安全性,进行了综合评价．以对南京市地铁系统为实例进行分析,说明了模糊综合评价模型的适用性和合理性．