PC轨道梁制造的线性控制技术

跨座式单轨交通系统的PC轨道梁既是承载梁又是列车运行的轨道，重点阐述在PC轨道梁施工中，从底模台车、侧模、端模等的拼装方面控制PC轨道梁线性的施工技术。     

Distributed support modelling for vertical track dynamic analysis

The finite length nature of rail-pad supports is characterised by a Timoshenko beam element formulation over an elastic foundation, giving rise to the distributed support element. The new element is integrated into a vertical track model, which is solved in frequency and time domain. The developed formulation is obtained by solving the governing equations of a Timoshenko beam for this particular case. The interaction between sleeper and rail via the elastic connection is considered in an analytical, compact and efficient way. The modelling technique results in realistic amplitudes of the ‘pinned–pinned’ vibration mode and, additionally, it leads to a smooth evolution of the contact force temporal response and to reduced amplitudes of the rail vertical oscillation, as compared to the results from concentrated support models. Simulations are performed for both parametric and sinusoidal roughness excitation. The model of support proposed here is compared with a previous finite length model developed by other authors, coming to the conclusion that the proposed model gives accurate results at a reduced computational cost.     

A robust non-Hertzian contact method for wheel–rail normal contact analysis

A modified Kik–Piotrowski (MKP) model is proposed in this paper for an accurate and robust calculation of wheel–rail normal contact problem. The presented method is able to consider the relationship between the elastic deformation of a line and the normal pressure distribution within the contact patch. A novel shape correction method is put forward to correctly describe the elastic deformation of the contact patch. Taking the results estimated by Kalker’s variational method and Kik–Piotrowski method as references, the proposed method is validated by three contact cases, including the assumed standardised non-Hertzian contact and the two-point contact, as well as the contact behaviours based on three actual wheel–rail profiles. The simulation results indicate that, compared with Kik–Piotrowski method, the proposed MKP method achieves better agreement with Kalker’s variational method. Moreover, the MKP method can avoid the abrupt change of wheel–rail normal force due to the sudden transfer of the contact point, which contributes to a better computational stability.     

轨道交通桥梁减振降噪研究进展

随着高速铁路和城市轨道交通的迅猛发展,人们环保意识的增强以及高架线路的广泛应用,轨道交通桥梁振动与噪声已成为亟待解决的问题。首先,介绍了混凝土桥、钢桥、钢混组合桥的典型振动与噪声试验和桥梁结构噪声常用的理论研究方法。其次,从桥梁结构优化的角度,讨论了混凝土桥、钢桥常用的减振降噪措施,并探讨了TMD的减振降噪效果。然后,综述了桥上轨道结构常用的减振降噪措施。最后,总结了3种声屏障降噪效果的研究进展。结果表明：①不同结构桥梁振动与噪声有所差异,总体来说钢结构桥梁振动与噪声问题更为突出;②混凝土梁截面的优化措施具有一定的减振降噪效果,如增设中腹板或横隔板,优化腹板倾角等措施,U梁对轮轨噪声具有遮蔽效应,梁下区域遮蔽损失最大可达10 dB（A）,但与传统箱梁相比,U梁结构噪声更大;③约束阻尼结构能够有效控制钢桥振动与噪声,TMD能够有效抑制桥梁结构低频振动,但降噪效果甚微;④在钢轨、扣件、轨枕道床等方面采取相应的减振措施,从而达到轨道交通桥梁减振降噪的目的是最为经济可行的方法;⑤声屏障可有效控制交通噪声,直立声屏障降噪效果为5~10 dB（A）,半封闭声屏障降噪效果约15 dB（A）,全封闭声屏障降噪效果超过20 dB（A）。     

沉管隧道基槽爆破开挖作用下邻近地铁隧道力学响应

为确保邻近地铁隧道在沉管隧道基槽爆破开挖过程的安全性,通过现场实测评价地铁隧道运营现状,借助数值分析法探索地铁隧道对沉管基槽爆破开挖的力学响应特征,并制定既有隧道结构的安全判据和沉管基槽爆破振动安全距离。研究表明： 既有地铁区间隧道现状累计最大沉降为1.89 mm,近半年最大沉降速率为0.01 mm/d,均小于规范规定的控制值,隧道结构现状处于稳定状态;沉管隧道基槽爆破振动引起的地铁隧道结构最大振速为0.359 cm/s,远小于振速安全阈值（2.0 cm/s）,说明地铁结构受爆破振动影响较小,且爆破振动的安全距离为25 m; 基槽开挖应力扰动后引起的地铁隧道累计最大沉降为3.16 mm,小于位移预警值,隧道结构处于稳定状态。     

地铁车站超宽深基坑内既有高架桥梁桩基托换关键技术研究

佛山地铁2号线换乘车站张槎站基坑宽50.3 m,深16.9 m,局部位于既有禅西大道桥下（净高仅7 m）。为解决低矮空间下超宽深基坑支护、既有高架桥桩基托换等难题,提出如下技术措施： 1)采用高桩承台桩基托换技术对位于车站中央桥桩进行托换,托换承台高于车站基坑面,基坑内支撑穿过新旧桩基形成对撑,内支撑与新旧桩相对独立; 2)地下连续墙幅宽调整为4 m,采用小型钻机成槽,以改善桥下施工工艺; 3)地下连续墙与两侧既有桩之间增加防塌孔措施; 4)基坑内支撑均采用混凝土支撑并加临时立柱以增加内支撑稳定性。以上措施解决了托换体系与车站基坑相互影响的问题,确保了低矮空间下超宽深基坑施工安全及既有桩基的安全。经数值计算论证、现场施工验证,提出的超宽深基坑内既有高架桥梁桩基托换关键技术是合理、安全、可行的。     

隧道衬砌可靠指标的优化求解方法

为解决JC法计算隧道衬砌可靠指标过程中极限状态选用方法的缺陷,通过随机有限元方法和Monte-Carlo法对时速350 km高速铁路双线隧道Ⅲa、Ⅳb型衬砌进行抽样计算,得到2种衬砌各截面偏心距平均值和变异系数; 通过对素混凝土和钢筋混凝土衬砌极限状态功能函数及其适用条件的分析,引入几何优化法,以约束函数表示功能函数的约束条件,建立可靠指标的优化求解模型; 选用寻优性能良好的Global Search函数,对2种衬砌各截面可靠指标进行优化求解,并与JC法进行对比,证明优化方法的优势。     

基坑分区开挖对邻近大直径越江隧道影响的数值模拟与现场实测分析

为研究基坑分区开挖对邻近越江隧道保护的有效性,以上海市西藏南路双线越江隧道附近绿谷一期基坑工程为依托,首先采用有限元法建立数值模型,分析基坑分区与不分区开挖对地下连续墙位移和既有越江隧道收敛变形的影响。然后根据现场监测数据,研究基坑分区开挖下既有越江隧道和地下连续墙的变形规律。结果表明： 1）采用分区开挖的方式,地下连续墙最大位移减小23.9%,邻近越江隧道最大竖向位移减小35.4%,分区开挖施工对距离较近隧道的保护效果更好; 2）对于面积较大的分区,其开挖导致的地下连续墙变形更大; 3）既有越江隧道在基坑施工过程中发生了斜向压扁的不规则收敛变形,地下连续墙最大水平位移对邻近隧道的收敛变形具有一定的预测作用。