高速铁路轨道的波阻抗及影响因素研究

高速铁路轨道在雷击或故障冲击电流作用下会产生暂态冲击过电压,该过电压的大小由轨道的波阻抗决定。通过建立高速铁路线路的仿真模型,分析直角冲击波在轨道上的传播与折反射过程,提出轨道的波阻抗的计算方法,研究钢轨类型、土壤电阻率、钢轨对地过渡电阻对波阻抗的影响。结果表明:P60型轨道波阻抗数值为235. 55Ω;轨道的波阻抗主要受钢轨类型和土壤电阻率的影响,高速铁路轨道的波阻抗在在210～250Ω变化;在高速铁路轨道仿真模型中,线路末端电阻等于波阻抗时,可以有效地消除折反射对仿真结果的影响,末端电阻的取值不需要考虑钢轨地过渡电阻的影响。研究给出高速铁路轨道波阻抗的范围及仿真模型中末端电阻的取值方法,可以为轨道过电压计算、分析与仿真提供理论与方法参考。     

Estimation of extreme significant wave heights and the associated uncertainties: A case study using NORA10 hindcast data for the Barents Sea

The reliability of an offshore structure is dependent on its response to the extreme wave climate; therefore, an adequate knowledge of the wave climate at a location is a prerequisite during design as well as in marine operations. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the extreme wave climate in the Norwegian Sector of the Barents Sea, using wave hindcast datasets from the Norwegian Reanalysis 10 km (NORA10) database for four locations.We have considered three commonly used methods for the estimation of extreme wave heights, that is, the initial distribution method, the peak over threshold method, and the annual maxima method. The parametric bootstrap concept is considered in the estimation of the epistemic uncertainty related to sample size. The estimated 100-year significant wave heights obtained from the three methods differ, and the degree of variability in the estimates varies, depending on the dataset. The epistemic uncertainty due to sample size is wider when considering the annual maxima method.The estimates obtained from the three methods show the importance of considering different methods and their associated uncertainties when estimating extreme wave values for design. While it is difficult to single out the best method among the three, the estimated values give knowledge of the possible range of the extreme significant wave heights at the locations. Generally, the datasets considered in this study suggest that the wave climate is less harsh further north compared to the southern region of the Barents Sea. The datasets do not suggest any temporal trends in the historical significant wave heights at any of the locations.     

A new model for temporal–spatial stochastic analysis of vehicle–track coupled systems

The vehicle–track coupled system has a random nature in the time–space domain. This paper proposes a computational model to analyse the temporal–spatial stochastic vibrations of vehicle–track systems, where the vehicle–track system is divided into a vehicle subsystem, track subsystem, and interfacial subsystem between the wheel and rail. In this model, the time-varying randomicity of dynamical parameters of the vehicle system, correlation, and randomness of the track structural parameters in the time–space joint dimensions, and randomness of the track random irregularities are considered. A probability dimension-reduction method was used to randomly combine different random variables. Furthermore, the probability density evolution method was applied to solve the delivery problem of probabilities between excitation inputs and response outputs. The temporal–spatial stochastic vibrations of the vehicle–track system with different coefficients of variation were studied, in which we assumed that the dynamic parameters obeyed the normal distribution, and the stochastic simulation method of the track random irregularities is probed into. The calculated results from this model are consistent with the actual measured results and physical conceptions. Thus, the temporal–spatial stochastic evolutionary mechanism can be explored, and the limits of dynamic indices can be formulated by using this developed model.     

浮摆式波浪发电平台系泊系统设计

针对一台自行设计的浮摆式波浪发电平台的运动特点与采能方式,对其系泊系统进行设计。系泊型式为"平台—连接缆—浮筒—锚链—锚"的悬链线单点浮筒系泊。以试验海域海况参数为依据,计算系统载荷,并采用准静力分析法对系泊系统各构件进行选型设计。设计的连接缆为钢丝绳,浮筒为圆柱型钢制浮筒,锚链为二级有档锚链,作业锚为AC-14锚。经检验,设计的系统符合安全要求和平台稳定性需求。     

田湾核电站扩建工程取水明渠导流堤优化设计

取水工程为核电厂重要构筑物,按照较高的核电标准设计往往断面较大,在保证取水安全的前提下,分析不同工程的使用要求,有针对性的的进行优化设计,可降低工程造价。以田湾核电取水工程为例,分析优化设计过程,供类似工程参考。     

小水线面双体船波浪载荷研究

摘要：针对某大型小水线面双体船,进行波浪载荷直接计算。根据规则波中波浪载荷RAO特性和其波浪载荷的长期预报结果,确定该船的设计载荷。并将该设计载荷与CCS《小水线面双体船指南》中设计载荷进行对比和分析,指出规范对于大尺度大排水量小水线面双体船波浪载荷计算的局限性。同时,由该船波浪载荷长期值沿船长和船宽的分布,分析其波浪载荷的分布规律,为工程中大排水量小水线面双体船的结构设计和加载提供参考。     

CSR-H与CSR强度评估载荷的对比研究

对CSR-H 与CSR用于强度分析的载荷变化进行分析,对各载荷分量的包络值以及应用于等效设计波中的船体梁波浪弯矩、波浪剪力和外部海水压力、加速度等载荷分量的大小进行比较。分析货油舱、干散货舱、压载舱典型位置处的内部压力变化,并对载荷变化可能引起的结构要求变化进行分析和概括。     

波浪作用下30万吨级油轮撞击能量研究

通过物理模型试验,研究不规则波作用下30万吨级油轮撞击能量,分析了主要影响因素HT、LB、TT0、D对撞击速度的影响规律。结果表明:撞击速度与HT成正比;与LB成幂次关系;与TT0也成正比,但TT0=1时船舶撞击码头与波浪产生共振,撞击速度出现极大值;压载时的撞击速度大于满载时的撞击速度,撞击速度与吃水成负相关。提出了30万吨级油轮撞击能量的计算公式,与青岛港原油码头三期工程和青岛益佳集团燃油码头工程的物理模型试验结果对比,具有较好的计算精度,可供工程设计参考。     

波浪对有梁面板结构冲击作用数值模拟

采用计算机数值模拟方法,在FLUENT软件计算平台上建立了二维规则波数值波浪水槽,对透空有梁面板结构底面受到的波浪冲击作用进行研究。数学模型采用RANS方程和k-ε湍流模型,以VOF方法处理自由表面。通过对不同工况的数值模拟和试验结果比较,验证了模型的造消波性能和应用的有效性。通过计算,得到了波浪冲击过程中波陡、超高和板宽各因素对冲击压强的影响。最后在已有冲击压强计算公式基础上提出了修正公式,以更准确地预报波浪的冲击荷载,深入认识波浪冲击机理。     

长江口围垦工程越浪数值模拟研究

运用基于非线性浅水方程的SWASH模型对长江口围垦工程的越浪进行模拟研究。采用垂向结构提高了模型的色散性,使模型适用于深水区,考虑垂向加速度的作用,使浅水区域的模拟更加精确。根据实际具体工程对模型进行验证并与海堤规范计算结果进行比较。研究表明:该模型和海堤规范都能很好地对越浪量进行计算,模型计算结果更为精确,工程中栅栏板对波浪的耗散等还需在数模中进一步概化和优化。