碱-集料反应国内外研究概况

分析了混凝土碱-集料反应的成因,并综述了国内外关于混凝土碱-集料反应的研究进展及预防措施。     

一种控制硬点受力状态的悬架可靠性试验方法研究

在悬架可靠性试验中,通过在其硬点位置安装力传感器,有效控制悬架硬点受力情况,使得悬架系统在台架试验中的受力状态更加真实和全面。该方法对于尚无白车身作为约束系统的悬架可靠性试验尤为有效。     

异形空间桥塔半飘浮体系斜拉桥结构性能分析

以某异形钢塔钢梁斜拉桥为例,对该体系桥的结构受力进行分析评价;针对该桥桥塔的独特造型,应用结构计算软件对其进行总体受力分析.分析结果验证了该桥结构设计的安全性及施工合理性,同时对类似桥型设计中需要注意的地方提出了合理建议.     

基于响应面法的系杆拱桥吊杆初内力优化

为精确优化系杆拱桥的吊杆内力,提出基于响应面法的系杆拱桥吊杆内力优化方法,优化过程包括试验设计、有限元分析、响应面函数拟合和内力优化。以一跨72m系杆拱桥为例,选取各个吊杆初始内力作为自变量,系梁、拱肋的关键截面弯矩以及系梁关键截面位移和结构应变能作为因变量;采用Box-Behnken试验设计方法进行样本点试验设计,采用显式响应面函数拟合结构静力响应值与吊杆内力间复杂的隐式关系。确定目标函数和多约束条件,采用优化软件对多约束条件下的吊杆内力进行优化分析,给出了成桥在多约束条件下的吊杆最优初内力。研究结果表明：该方法可以很好地对系杆拱桥吊杆初内力进行优化,为系杆拱桥的设计和施工控制提供指导。     

On the objective assessment and quantification of the transient-handling response of a vehicle

This article suggests a new methodology for the objective assessment and quantification of the response of a vehicle subjected to transient-handling manoeuvres. For this purpose, a non-dimensional measure is defined, namely the normalized yaw impulse. This measure appears in two variations. In its general or dynamic form, it represents the difference between the yaw moment due to the front-tyre forces and the yaw moment due to the rear-tyre forces, divided by the sum of the aforementioned yaw moments. By employing a linear, two-degree-of-freedom bicycle model, it is shown that the general form of the normalized yaw impulse can be written as a function of the steer angle and the forward, lateral and yaw velocities of the vehicle. This form is referred to as the kinematic yaw impulse. It is demonstrated that the combined application of the dynamic and kinematic expressions of the yaw impulse not only facilitates the explicit assessment and quantification of the transient behaviour of a vehicle, but also reveals the influence of parameters such as the yaw moment of inertia, which traditionally leave the steady-state behaviour unaffected.     

行人交通仿真模型与相关软件的对比分析

从描述行人运动行为的尺度和精细程度出发，行人交通仿真模型分为宏观模型、中观模型和微观模型3类。总结了常见的格子气模型、元胞自动机模型、社会力模型和磁力模型的原理及算法，对比分析了其仿真效果。论述了如何运用Legion、STEPS、SimWalk和AnyLogic软件建立行人交通仿真模型，比较和评述了上述软件的技术性能。研究表明，充分、合理利用已有软件，可实现快速有效的行人交通仿真建模。     

复杂悬跨条件下的管线涡激振动分析(英文)

Spans occur when a pipeline is laid on a rough undulating seabed or when upheaval buckling occurs due to constrained thermal expansion. This not only results in static and dynamic loads on the flowline at span sections, but also generates vortex induced vibration (VIV), which can lead to fatigue issues. The phenomenon, if not predicted and controlled properly, will negatively affect pipeline integrity, leading to expensive remediation and intervention work. Span analysis can be complicated by: long span lengths, a large number of spans caused by a rough seabed, and multi-span interactions. In addition, the complexity can be more onerous and challenging when soil uncertainty, concrete degradation and unknown residual lay tension are considered in the analysis. This paper describes the latest developments and a .state-of-the-art. finite element analysis program that has been developed to simulate the span response of a flowline under complex boundary and loading conditions. Both VIV and direct wave loading are captured in the analysis and the results are sequentially used for the ultimate limit state (ULS) check and fatigue life calculation.     

绞吸式挖泥船外力计算软件及应用

介绍了绞吸式挖泥船外力计算软件的基本原理和功能,以2 000 m3/h绞吸式挖泥船为研究对象,把软件计算得到的结果与实际测量结果作比较,两者非常接近.设计者可以参考该软件计算得到的外力值合理选取相关的设计参数,同时也为结构计算提供了依据.     

Estimation of wheel–rail friction for vehicle certification

In certification of new rail vehicles with respect to running characteristics, a wide variety of operating conditions needs to be considered. However, in associated test runs the wheel–rail friction condition is difficult to handle because the friction coefficient needs to be fairly high and the friction is also generally hard to assess. This is an issue that has been studied in the European project DynoTRAIN and part of the results is presented in this paper. More specifically, an algorithm for estimating the wheel–rail friction coefficient at vehicle certification tests is proposed. Owing to lack of some measurement results, the algorithm here is evaluated in a simulation environment which is also an important step towards practical implementation. A quality measure of the friction estimate is suggested in terms of estimated wheel–rail spin and total creep. It is concluded that, tentatively, the total creep should exceed 0.006 and the spin should be less than 1.0 m^?1 for the algorithm to give a good friction estimate. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to imitate measurement errors, but should be expanded in further work.     

Tyre-force estimation by Kalman inverse filtering: applications to off-highway mining trucks

Kalman inverse filtering is used to develop a methodology for real-time estimation of forces acting at the interface between tyre and road on large off-highway mining trucks. The system model formulated is capable of estimating the three components of tyre-force at each wheel of the truck using a practical set of measurements and inputs. Good tracking is obtained by the estimated tyre-forces when compared with those simulated by an ADAMS virtual-truck model. A sensitivity analysis determines the susceptibility of the tyre-force estimates to uncertainties in the truck’s parameters.