高速铁路防灾安全监控系统数据中心的软件防灾流程设计

简述防灾安全监控系统在高速铁路中的作用,解析其体系结构和组成部分,着重介绍数据处理中心的软件设计及实现,最后对防灾安全监控系统当前的应用现状、存在的问题及未来发展趋势进行总结。     

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在对现有公交系统不足进行分析的基础上，为提高公交行业的服务水平和管理水平，提出了实施智能公共交通系统、优先发展公共交通战略的技术保障公交信息智能化管理系统，即建立一个低成本、高效益、科学管理、安全生产的现代化智能公交信息服务系统，并给出了系统的实施框架及关键理论和技术的解决方案。     

GPS/GIS在城市公共交通调度系统中的应用研究

城市公共交通的合理调度已成为城市交通发展的重要课题。本文从GPS和GIS的特点出发，探讨了基于GPS和GIS技术的城市公共交通实时调度系统的建构过程，并对系统实现的有关技术问题进行了分析。     

砼结构裂纹实时监测系统及算法研究

针对现有监测方法不能实时监测砼结构实际损伤的问题,设计了砼结构裂纹实时监测系统,研究了该系统的组成、工作原理和裂纹识别算法等,并进行了相关实验,能实时地监测砼结构的实际损伤情况,可广泛应用于桥梁、水坝和其它大型砼结构的损伤监测.     

An overview: modern techniques for railway vehicle on-board health monitoring systems

Health monitoring systems with low-cost sensor networks and smart algorithms are always needed in both passenger trains and heavy haul trains due to the increasing need for reliability and safety in the railway industry. This paper focuses on an overview of existing approaches applied for railway vehicle on-board health monitoring systems. The approaches applied in the data measurement systems and the data analysis systems in railway on-board health monitoring systems are presented in this paper, including methodologies, theories and applications. The pros and cons of the various approaches are analysed to determine appropriate benchmarks for an effective and efficient railway vehicle on-board health monitoring system. According to this review, inertial sensors are the most popular due to their advantages of low cost, robustness and low power consumption. Linearisation methods are required for the model-based methods which would inevitably introduce error to the estimation results, and it is time-consuming to include all possible conditions in the pre-built database required for signal-based methods. Based on this review, future development trends in the design of new low-cost health monitoring systems for railway vehicles are discussed.     

A real-time posture monitoring method for rail vehicle bodies based on machine vision

Monitoring vehicle operation conditions has become significantly important in modern high-speed railway systems. However, the operational impact of monitoring the roll angle of vehicle bodies has principally been limited to tilting trains, while few studies have focused on monitoring the running posture of vehicle bodies during operation. We propose a real-time posture monitoring method to fulfil real-time monitoring requirements, by taking rail surfaces and centrelines as detection references. In realising the proposed method, we built a mathematical computational model based on space coordinate transformations to calculate attitude angles of vehicles in operation and vertical and lateral vibration displacements of single measuring points. Moreover, comparison and verification of reliability between system and field results were conducted. Results show that monitoring of the roll angles of car bodies obtained through the system exhibit variation trends similar to those converted from the dynamic deflection of bogie secondary air springs. The monitoring results of two identical conditions were basically the same, highlighting repeatability and good monitoring accuracy. Therefore, our monitoring results were reliable in reflecting posture changes in running railway vehicles.     

运营公路隧道局部换拱效果及其工程影响

通过对运营公路隧道换拱工程试验段衬砌荷载和温度的现场监测,并将之与新建隧道衬砌荷载分布规律进行对比,评价换拱工程中新施作衬砌的承载性能。通过采用数值计算分析的手段,对换拱过程临近结构附加影响进行研究。结果表明:换拱工程与新建隧道工程衬砌荷载分别在荷载曲线形态和达到峰值的时间这2个方面存在明显差异;结合衬砌温度变化规律,揭示了换拱工程的新施作衬砌基本不发挥承载作用,现场监测所得荷载主要是由温度应力引起的;分析换拱过程中,邻近结构在卸荷作用下产生一定的附加沉降和附加应力。综合换拱工程衬砌承载效果及对临近结构的影响,提出了在运营隧道衬砌病害处理过程中,宜优先采用非破坏性防护措施,慎用局部换拱方案的工程建议。     

地面预注浆施工技术在井筒涌水防治中的应用

张集矿区地层位于裂隙破碎带且含水量丰富,为解决第2副井井筒地面预注浆施工难度大的问题,基于工程地质调研、技术设计和工业试验的方法对地面预注浆施工技术进行了研究。通过在井筒开凿前上部表土段采用冻结法施工、下部基岩段采用地面预注浆技术施工,并采用直孔和Y孔相结合的布置方式,实现了注浆、冻结和凿井"三同时"施工的目的,有效节约了工期。在整个施工过程中,采用自主研发的监控设备,实现了实时控制并获得了重要的注浆参数,同时采用压水试验的方法对注浆质量进行了效果评价。根据监测结果:1)各段终压值和注浆量均达到了设计要求,总注浆量达16 286 m~3;2)压水试验测得的地层渗透系数明显减小,井筒涌水量仅为2.27 m~3/h,说明该施工方法起到了很好的加固和堵水作用。     

盾构主轴承齿轮箱应用参数监测技术的可行性研究

以刀盘扭矩、刀盘转速和主驱动电流为3个变量,通过理论推导,定义参量"能量输出效率E",对盾构主轴承齿轮箱的能量传递效率进行定量评价。其可行性在延长盾构/TBM使用寿命相关研究实践中得到了验证。对主轴承齿轮箱等盾构部件工作状态进行参数监测,"E"参量具有开发应用前景。     

天目山隧道掘进粉尘监测与人员急性中毒原因分析

天目山隧道施工过程中,作业人员出现眼睛红肿及皮肤红肿、脱落等急性中毒症状。为探明急性中毒原因,通过监测隧道内粉尘体积质量变化、分析粉尘化学组分,辨识出引起中毒的有害物质。经检测发现,爆破后以2 274 m~3/min的风量通风10 min,作业区的粉尘体积质量可降低至接触限值(1 mg/m~3)以下;超前小导管钻孔时,作业区的粉尘体积质量为接触限值的56倍,作业人员会出现显著的急性中毒现象。另外,天目山隧道粉尘中钒、镍、锰和铬的含量以及围岩中砷、铜、铬、镍和钒的含量均较高,特别是急性中毒发生时隧道空气中钒和砷的体积质量最高,作业人员的症状与钒、砷的中毒诊断标准相符。可以判断,隧道作业人员急性中毒主要由以钒和砷为主的粉尘所致。