The choice of speed and clearance for RAS on 3D method

In this paper, a 3D source distribution technique is used to calculate the coupled motions between two ships which advance in the wave with the same speed. The numerical results of coupled motions for a frigate and a supply ship have a good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the 3D coupled motions of two ships, a spectral analysis is employed to clearly observe the effect of speed, clearance and wave heading on the significant relative motion amplitude (SRMA) of two ships.The method presented in this paper will be helpful to select suitable clearance, speed and wave heading for underway replenishment at sea(RAS).     

珠海桂山岛十三湾防波堤修复加固方案

针对开敞海域防波堤结构遭遇风浪袭击而破坏的问题,分析破坏原因并选择适用的修复加固方案。引用较为详实的的风、浪、水流等资料,特别考虑了近些年出现的几个强、超强台风对工程海区风浪的影响,通过规范计算与模型试验相结合的方式,确定防波堤堤顶高程、护面块体质量等主要设计参数及断面结构形式。同时,从防波堤使用功能及港内泊稳条件的角度考虑,优化防波堤平面布置。结合模型试验研究成果,提出了针对性较强的修复加固及优化布置方案,对类似工程具有一定的借鉴意义。     

钦州湾湾口填海对茅尾海水交换能力的影响

以溶解态的保守物质作为示踪剂,建立茅尾海水交换平面二维数学模型,采用开边界污染物浓度梯度与内侧一致假定考虑了边界污染物回归,计算分析了钦州湾湾口两侧大范围填海工程对茅尾海纳潮量和水体半交换周期的影响情况。研究表明：龙门海峡通道顺畅是维持茅尾海纳潮量的关键因素,湾口宽度保持9.4 km以上茅尾海内纳潮量和水体半交换周期基本不受湾口填海工程影响。     

开敞海域淤泥质深水航道设计年回淤量计算方法及应用

连云港港深水航道是开敞海域淤泥质浅滩深水航道的典型。航道回淤规律和实践表明,连云港淤泥质浅滩深水航道中风天回淤量为航道回淤的主体,占年回淤总量的60%左右。由于中风天频率年际变化较大,导致航道年际回淤水平变幅较大。现有设计回淤量计算模式均未考虑风天分级。提出了“按小、中、大3个概化波浪动力计算回淤强度、再组合各自波浪频率得到设计回淤量”的开敞海域淤泥质浅滩深水航道设计年回淤量计算方法。该方法能够较为合理地体现全年波浪水平和波浪频率年际间差异对年回淤量的影响程度,显著提高了设计年回淤量预报精度,为合理确定开敞海域淤泥质浅滩深水航道的设计年回淤量水平和变化范围、正确评价航道的稳定性和技术可行性提供科学依据。经连云港区25万吨级航道和徐圩港区10万吨级航道工程实践检验,预报回淤量与实际回淤量偏差不超过25%。     

考虑系统需求的通海阀箱结构声学优化

考虑管路系统功能需求,改变阀箱内部结构以及外形尺寸,建立7个方案的阀箱计算分析模型。通过利用数值计算方法,对阀箱出口处3个监测点的声压级进行计算。在此基础上,对各监测点计算结果进行对比分析,进而得到通海阀箱结构的声学最优模型。     

LSBLGR-S系列海水源热泵机组设备在天津港船闸所的应用

介绍了LSBLGR-S系列海水源热泵机组设备在天津港船闸所的应用。该设备高效节能,运行稳定可靠,具有推广价值。     

小型分体绞吸式挖泥船设计

不同的施工环境和工况,需要不同的配套设备,本文就是针对特殊的施工工作环境,通过合理选型、配套、优化设计的一种中小型绞吸式挖泥船。     

Carbonate chemistry dynamics and carbon dioxide fluxes across the atmosphere–ice–water interfaces in the Arctic Ocean: Pacific sector of the Arctic

Climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere have led to remarkable environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is surrounded by permafrost. These changes include significant shrinking of sea-ice cover in summer, increased time between sea-ice break-up and freeze-up, and Arctic surface water freshening and warming associated with melting sea-ice, thawing permafrost, and increased runoff. These changes are commonly attributed to the greenhouse effect resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration and other non-CO₂ radiatively active gases (methane, nitrous oxide). The greenhouse effect should be most pronounced in the Arctic where the largest air CO₂ concentrations and winter–summer variations in the world for a clean background environment were detected. However, the air–land–shelf interaction in the Arctic has a substantial impact on the composition of the overlying atmosphere; as the permafrost thaws, a significant amount of old terrestrial carbon becomes available for biogeochemical cycling and oxidation to CO₂. The Arctic Ocean's role in determining regional CO₂ balance has been ignored, because of its small size (only  4% of the world ocean area) and because its continuous sea-ice cover is considered to impede gaseous exchange with the atmosphere so efficiently that no global climate models include CO₂ exchange over sea-ice. In this paper we show that: (1) the Arctic shelf seas (the Laptev and East-Siberian seas) may become a strong source of atmospheric CO₂ because of oxidation of bio-available eroded terrestrial carbon and river transport; (2) the Chukchi Sea shelf exhibits the strong uptake of atmospheric CO₂; (3) the sea-ice melt ponds and open brine channels form an important spring/summer air CO₂ sink that also must be included in any Arctic regional CO₂ budget. Both the direction and amount of CO₂ transfer between air and sea during open water season may be different from transfer during freezing and thawing, or during winter when CO₂ accumulates beneath Arctic sea-ice; (4) direct measurements beneath the sea ice gave two initial results. First, a drastic pCO₂ decrease from 410 μatm to 288 μatm, which was recorded in February–March beneath the fast ice near Barrow using the SAMI-CO₂ sensor, may reflect increased photosynthetic activity beneath sea-ice just after polar sunrise. Second, new measurements made in summer 2005 beneath the sea ice in the Central Basin show relatively high values of pCO₂ ranging between 425 μatm and 475 μatm, values, which are larger than the mean atmospheric value in the Arctic in summertime. The sources of those high values are supposed to be: high rates of bacterial respiration, import of the Upper Halocline Water (UHW) from the Chukchi Sea (CS) where values of pCO₂ range between 400 and 600 μatm, a contribution from the Lena river plume, or any combination of these sources.     

Inorganic carbon fluxes through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin based on in situ observations and water transport estimates

A carbon budget for the exchange of total dissolved inorganic carbon C_T between the Greenland Sea and the surrounding seas has been constructed for winter and summer situations. An extensive data set of C_T collected over the years 1994–1997 within the European Sub-polar Ocean Programmes (ESOP1 and ESOP2) are used for the budget calculation. Based on these data, mean values of C_T in eight different boxes representing the inflow and outflow of water through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin are estimated. The obtained values are then combined with simulated water transports taken from the ESOP2 version of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM). The fluxes of inorganic carbon are presented for three layers; a surface mixed layer, an intermediate layer and a deep layer, and the imbalance in the fluxes are attributed to air–sea exchange, biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and sedimentation. The main influx of carbon is found in the surface and the deep layers in the Fram Strait, and in the surface waters of direct Atlantic origin, whereas the main outflux is found in the surface layer over the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone and the Knipovich Ridge, transporting carbon into the Atlantic Ocean via the Denmark Strait and towards the Arctic Ocean via the Norwegian Sea, respectively. The flux calculation indicates that there is a net transport of carbon out of the Greenland Sea during wintertime. In the absence of biological activity, this imbalance is attributed to air sea exchange, and requires an oceanic uptake of CO₂ of 0.024±0.006 Gt C yr⁻¹. The flux calculations from the summer period are complicated by biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and show that data on organic carbon is required in order to estimate the air–sea exchange in the area.     

列车空气动力性能与流线型头部外形

采用数值计算、动模型试验、风洞试验、实车试验和理论分析等方法,研究列车流线型头部长度、宽度、高度及耦合外形对列车交会压力波、空气阻力和升力的影响,得到一系列理论关系式。研究结果表明:①增加列车流线型头部长度,可以有效地改善列车空气动力性能,列车交会压力波随流线型头部长度增加而呈对数减小,头车阻力、升力绝对值均随流线型头部长度的增加呈线性减小,尾车阻力与流线型头部长度呈二次幂减小;②流线型头部纵向对称面最大控制型线从外凸到内凹,列车空气阻力、空气升力和交会压力波基本不变,减小鼻尖部位过渡曲线的曲率半径可以有效降低列车交会压力波;③流线型头部俯视最大控制型线为方形时产生的交会压力波最小,尖梭形的头车空气阻力和升力绝对值较小;④减小列车空气阻力和降低列车交会压力波,既矛盾又统一,列车气动头部外形设计需要综合考虑各种因素。