A Time-use Model for the Automated Vehicle-era

Automated Vehicles (AVs) offer their users a possibility to perform new non-driving activities while being on the way. The effects of this opportunity on travel choices and travel demand have mostly been conceptualised and modelled via a reduced penalty associated with (in-vehicle) travel time. This approach invariably leads to a prediction of more car-travel. However, we argue that reductions in the size of the travel time penalty are only a crude proxy for the variety of changes in time-use and travel patterns that are likely to occur at the advent of AVs. For example, performing activities in an AV can save time and in this way enable the execution of other activities within a day. Activities in an AV may also eliminate or generate a need for some other activities and travel. This may lead to an increase, or decrease in travel time, depending on the traveller’s preferences, schedule, and local accessibility. Neglecting these dynamics is likely to bias forecasts of travel demand and travel behaviour in the AV-era. In this paper, we present an optimisation model which rigorously captures the time-use effects of travellers’ ability to perform on-board activities. Using a series of worked out examples, we test the face validity of the model and demonstrate how it can be used to predict travel choices in the AV-era.     

水力吹填砂土地基加固处理现场试验及方案优化

分析了绞吸式挖泥船水力吹填形成陆域后的地基处理方法,通过对吹填砂颗粒成分分析、地基试夯处理和静力触探检测的综合分析,针对不同使用功能区域分别采取振冲和强夯地基处理,经检测各项技术指标达到设计要求。根据调整和优化的加固处理方案顺利完成地基处理工作,为港区陆域后续基础设施的施工开展创造了条件,取得良好的经济效益。该工程的成功实施为类似吹填造地沙漠地基工程建设提供了有益的借鉴和经验。     

张家港盛泰码头吹填粉细砂地基处理试验研究

某工程采用高真空击密法加固地基,为找到经济合理的施工参数,分别在散货堆场（A区）和件杂堆场（B区） 设一个试验区。试验区检测结果表明,A区容许地基承载力达到225 kPa以上,0~8 m内砂层平均标贯击数约20.6击,平均端 阻Ps值约7.48 MPa;B区容许地基承载力达到196 kPa以上,0~7 m内砂层平均标贯击数约17.0击,平均端阻Ps值约6.21 MPa。 本工程是一个典型的长江中下游地区吹填长江粉细砂形成陆域的地基处理案例,对长江中下游类似工程具有参考价值。     

洋山深水港北侧围垦工程潮流泥沙数值模拟研究*

为进一步完善洋山深水港的各项配套功能,港区北侧将通过围垦工程建设具有综合服务功能的物流园区。围垦工程将引起小洋山岛周围海域潮流及泥沙运动发生变化。为解决开发建设的一系列潮流泥沙技术难题,在充分掌握海域潮流泥沙运动特性的基础上,采用Mike21中的FM三角形网格和动边界技术建立平面二维潮流数学模型,模拟研究规划方案建设引起的潮流场变化,计算分析各围垦规划方案引起的潮流变化及泥沙冲淤幅度,论证规划方案的可行性。     

填海区盾构掘进难点控制

为解决填海区盾构施工中困难多、投入大、工效低、工期难以保证等难题,以深圳地铁1号线续建工程5标前海—鲤鱼门盾构区间为例,针对填海区复杂多变的地层,分析总结填海区盾构掘进的各种难点,并提出相应的控制措施。     

分层吹填法在填海工程中的应用

分层吹填法在国内的填海工程中应用实例极少。以港珠澳大桥人工岛的填海工程为例,重点介绍采用分层吹填法围海造地的施工工艺和技术特点,并对分层吹填、打塑料排水板、堆载预压等不同施工阶段的固结沉降进行数值模拟,从固结时效、技术难度和施工效率等方面探讨分层吹填法的适用性和可行性。     

冷再生沥青混合料水稳定性试验研究

通过实验室试验,探讨乳化沥青冷再生沥青混合料的水稳定性以及水泥对其的改善效果。试验与分析显示,乳化沥青冷再生沥青混合料的冻融劈裂试验残留强度比TSR随旧沥青混凝土路面RAP材料含量的增加略有减小,约在60%左右,远低于现行《公路沥青路面施工技术规范》(JTG F40-2004)要求。水泥作为常用的辅助再生剂,还可以显著改善冷再生沥青混合料的水稳定性;添加1%水泥可以使100%RAP混合料的TSR由57%提高到77%,绝对增加20%或相对增加34%,满足规范对普通热拌沥青混合料在年降雨量>1000 mm潮湿区TSR≥75%的要求;但是,水泥剂量的再增加并不能进一步提高TSR。     

基于运输链的铁路信息化重点领域分析

当前我国铁路信息化存在重点不突出的问题。基于铁路运输业务网络关联,结合价值链理论提出包括客货营销、运输组织、经营管理的铁路运输链,将运输链中的价值活动区分为主要活动和辅助支持活动。为提升铁路运输活动价值充分运用信息技术,明确铁路信息化重点领域依次为运输组织、客货营销和经营管理。     

Exploring the propensity to perform social activities: a social network approach

Conceptual and empirical models of the propensity to perform social activity–travel behavior are described, which incorporate the influence of individuals’ social context, namely their social networks. More explicitly, the conceptual model develops the concepts of egocentric social networks, social activities, and social episodes, and defines the three sets of aspects that influence the propensity to perform social activities: individuals’ personal attributes, social network composition, and information and communication technology interaction with social network members. Using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique and data recently collected in Toronto, the empirical model tests the effect of these three aspects on the propensity to perform social activities. Results suggest that the social networks framework provides useful insights into the role of physical space, social activity types, communication and information technology use, and the importance of “with whom” the activity was performed with. Overall, explicitly incorporating social networks into the activity–travel behavior modeling framework provides a promising framework to understand social activities and key aspects of the underlying behavioral process. Juan Antonio Carrasco a PhD candidate in Civil Engineering at the University of Toronto, holds a MSc degree in Transportation Engineering from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. His doctoral research explores the relationships between social networks, activity–travel behavior, and ICTs. His research interests also include microsimulation, land use-transportation, and econometric modeling. Eric J. Miller is Bahen-Tanenbaum Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Toronto where he is also Director of the Joint Program in Transportation. His research interests include integrated land-use/transportation modeling, activity-based travel modeling, microsimulation and sustainable transportation planning.     

泡沫沥青就地冷再生技术在美国的应用

以美国北加利福尼亚89号公路采用泡沫沥青进行就地冷再生的施工为例,较为详细地介绍了就地冷再生的施工方法及工艺,结果证明该技术具有施工质量好等诸多优点.