Impact of Everyday Weather on Individual Daily Travel Behaviours in Perspective: A Literature Review

Despite the hundreds of billions of dollars being spent on infrastructure development -- from roads, rail and airports to energy extraction and power networks to the Internet -- surprisingly little reliable knowledge exists about the performance of these investments in terms of actual costs, benefits and risks. This paper presents results from the first statistically significant study of cost performance in transport infrastructure projects. The sample used is the largest of its kind, covering 258 projects in 20 nations worth approximately US$90 billion (constant 1995 prices). The paper shows with overwhelming statistical significance that in terms of costs transport infrastructure projects do not perform as promised. The conclusion is tested for different project types, different geographical regions and different historical periods. Substantial cost escalation is the rule rather than the exception. For rail, average cost escalation is 45% (SD=38), for fixed links (tunnels and bridges) it is 34% (62) and for roads 20% (30). Cost escalation appears a global phenomenon, existing across 20 nations on five continents. Cost estimates have not improved and cost escalation not decreased over the past 70 years. Cost estimates used in decision-making for transport infrastructure development are highly, systematically and significantly misleading. Large cost escalations combined with large standard deviations translate into large financial risks. However, such risks are typically ignored or underplayed in decision-making, to the detriment of social and economic welfare.     

水泥稳定全深式沥青路面回收料配合比试验研究

在沥青路面病害详细调查的基础上,确定沥青路面再生的施工方式。将水泥稳定全深式沥青路面回收料用于道路基层配合比,并设计水泥稳定再生混合料基层;通过调节水泥掺配剂量和回收沥青路面材料掺配比例,进行配合比设计试验。对试验结果进行统计分析,最终确定适宜于道路基层的最优配合比为:回收料掺配比例50%,水泥剂量2%。     

增强学生职业素养培养的学生活动系统设计与优化——以武汉船舶职业技术学院为例

培养学生养成良好的职业素养已经成为提高人才培养质量的关键因素,本文以武汉船舶职业技术学院为例简述通过分层分类的学生活动系统设计与优化,在技能、知识、品质、个性、身心等方面培养提高学生职业素养。     

An exploratory analysis of joint-activity participation characteristics using the American time use survey

This paper presents a detailed exploratory analysis of joint activity participation characteristics using the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). As a very large nationwide survey that explicitly elicited information on both household and non-household companions for each activity episode, the ATUS is ideally suited for this analysis. Several intuitive and interesting results are obtained. Joint episodes are found to be of longer durations, significantly likely to take place at the residence of other people, and often confined to certain time periods of the weekday. In addition, important differences in these characteristics are also observed based on activity purpose, companion type, and the day of the week. These findings are intended to provide the basis for the justification of detailed collection of joint activity–travel participation information in household activity–travel surveys, and also as a stimulant for further empirical analysis and modeling of joint activity participation behavior.

小门岛5万吨级煤码头工程潮流泥沙数模研究

使用TK-2D软件对小门岛5万吨级煤码头工程进行了研究,对港池开挖后的流速变化进行了分析,对泥沙回淤强度进行了预报。研究结果表明:(1)大、小门岛围垦工程及5万吨级煤码头港区开挖工程实施后,与现状情况相比,小门水道及开挖区涨、落潮流速普遍增加;(2)在大、小门岛围垦工程基础上5万吨级煤码头港区开挖后,与大、小门岛围垦工程情况相比,小门水道及开挖区涨、落潮流速减小;(3)港区开挖后,泥沙淤积不严重,开挖后水深能够维持住。     

填海区地铁盾构隧道下穿公路施工地层沉降规律的数值模拟

以深圳地铁2号线盾构隧道下穿填海区滨海大道公路为背景,利用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立三维有限元模型,研究在隧道施工扰动下,地表的横向沉降和纵向沉降、地层的水平位移和分层沉降的变形规律.仿真计算结果表明:在隧道横断面方向上地表沉降近似呈正态分布,在纵断面方向上地表沉降槽宽度约为15.0 m;距隧道开挖面越近,地层水平位移受车辆荷载和隧道开挖扰动越大;在车辆荷载作用区域,地表沉降和地层水平位移均大于非车辆荷载作用区域,地层的分层沉降和沉降槽宽度均随着地层埋深增加而减小,地层的上部沉降普遍大于下部;在非车辆荷载作用区域,隧道中心线上方的土体沉降随着地层埋深的增加而增加.     

小洋山北海堤围垦工程平面布置研究

通过对北海堤围垦工程平面布置的研究,分析低滩围垦工程的堤轴线布置,研究低滩围垦平面布置形式,并通过数模试验进行验证。     

PECAS——城市用地和交通集成化模型系统

PECAS是用于城市用地分析和交通预测的集成化模型系统。该系统假定在一个相对较短的时期(通常为一年)内,在整个分析区域生产和消费的各种产品,包括商品、服务、劳工等,能在其各自的交易市场上达到购销平衡。进而,该系统应用一系列NL模型,在各分区之间分派/分布各类生产和消费活动,并据此预测交通需求。同时,该系统还根据各类用地开发几率,对不进入运输市场的用地供应进行单独模拟。这里阐述了PECAS模型系统的基本概念、系统结构、模型构造、计算流程和参数标定,以及与其他用地分析和交通预测模型之间的关系,并扼要介绍了PECAS的实际应用情况。     

中外反恐立法的比较分析与完善

当前,恐怖活动犯罪的社会危害性日益凸显,威胁着全球范围内的和平稳定秩序。我国一直在国际法层面和国内法层面对反恐立法进行探索,尤其是2011年《关于加强反恐怖工作的决定》的出台,意味着我国已经确定了以此决定为核心的独立式立法模式,我国反恐立法水平达到了新的高度。与国外相比,我国在立法内容、罪名设置、相关程序法等方面仍存在诸多不足。本文将通过对国外反恐立法内容比较总结,在本土化资源话语体系下,对外国立法经验进行选择性借鉴。     

大砂袋围堰在围海造陆工程中的应用

随着社会经济的发展,世界上不少国家有围海造地的需求。大砂袋围堰由于其具有良好的整体性和柔韧性,且对堤基的变形具有较好的适应性,已成功应用于多个围海造陆工程。但在大砂袋围堰施工过程中也出现过围堰失稳的案例。以一填海造陆工程为例,介绍了大砂袋围堰的设计及施工情况,利用极限平衡法分析了其在施工过程中出现塌陷的原因,为以后的工程现场施工提供借鉴经验。