Perceptions of Diving Impacts and Implications for Reef Conservation

SCUBA diving can contribute to both coral reef degradation and conservation. Divers’ perceptions of these possible impacts were studied in Phuket, Thailand. The most endorsed impact of diving was a positive one: the educational impact on the divers. Impact perceptions changed after the dive. Perceptions of anchor damage and garbage disposal as negative impacts fell markedly. Following the trip liveaboard divers were more likely than day divers to see the impact of diving as positive. Almost 30% of divers witnessed perceived negative impacts on the reef by their dive group. Divers who saw damage were more likely to feel that diving has a negative impact on the reef than divers who did not see impacts. They were also more likely to take part in a reef conservation project. The results reinforce the potential for diving to be a positive force for reef conservation but indicate the need for greater investment in diver education.     

花岗岩地层中既有车站内爆破进洞技术

以厦门轨道交通2号线2标东渡路站~建业路站区间为背景,该区间为暗挖隧道,共有四个暗挖工作面,其中某一工作面位于既有车站结构内,左右线隧道洞口与主体结构为零距离,隧道洞身范围为高强度微风化花岗岩地层,且隧道区间两侧重要建(构)筑物较多,有老旧无基础小区紧邻隧道边,本文结合实际情况对硬岩隧道进洞可选工法进行了比选,阐述了液压式岩石分裂施工、静态爆破剂爆破、二氧化碳气爆、悬臂式隧道掘进机、钻爆法等,最终选取了采用钻爆法进洞,并制定了科学合理的爆破方案,深化了爆破设计,对爆破控制、减震措施、爆破设计参数、防护措施等均做了分析和总结,通过监测数据指导施工,在达到爆破效果的同时又不对车站结构造成任何损伤,最终成功实现了花岗岩地层中既有车站内爆破进洞。     

Impacts of the 2004 Tsunami on Surin Marine National Park,Thailand

The impacts of the tsunami in 2004 on the reefs in Surin Marine National Park, Thailand, varied with the location and exposure of the reefs. Channel areas between islands were severely damaged. Areas with steep reef slopes were damaged by sand slides or coral collapse more than areas with low slopes. Massive, sub-massive, and encrusting corals were more resistant and resilient to the direct impact of the tsunami than branching, tabulate, and foliose life forms whereas the latter were more tolerant of temporary coverage by sand. Sub-massive corals were the most tolerant overall and survived sand coverage, breakage, and overturning. Live coral cover measured three months after the tsunami was significantly greater than immediately post-tsunami as broken, moved, or sand-covered corals, recorded as impacted in the initial survey, had survived and were regenerating. Low turbidity, lack of pollution, and mild currents possibly contributed to rapid recovery and limited long-term effects of the tsunami. Impact assessment shortly after a major disturbance may give an initial measure of damage but subsequent surveys must be undertaken to identify long-term effects. Understanding patterns of reef damage can help to formulate reef zoning and protection strategies in response to catastrophic events, but also in advance of such events to improve likely resilience of the marine park to disturbance.     

津秦客专隧道钻爆法施工技术

隧道钻爆法施工中不要拘泥于施工图设计给定的施工方案,应根据现场的环境条件、地质条件、断面大小、结构形式、施工工期等因素,灵活选择适宜的施工方法、施工工艺。结合津秦铁路客专隧道施工情况,详细介绍了对钻爆法隧道施工的一些认识。     

大帽山小间距隧道开挖爆破设计

在泉厦高速公路改扩建工程大帽山隧道施工中，针对新建隧道与既有隧道近距离毗邻的施工条件，采取微差减震光面控制爆破技术并通过全程爆破震动监测修正爆破参数，保证了隧道施工和既有线行车的安全。     

板岩结构中隧道爆破施工技术

结合新建赣州至韶关铁路黄竹头隧道工程,通过深入调查研究并总结其板岩结构的地质特性、阐述了针对不同的板岩结构,如何通过正确的爆眼设计和爆破技术获得较好的爆破效果,减少对软弱围岩的扰动和硬质围岩中遗留岩体的损伤,研究结果对今后类似地质条件的隧道爆破施工有一定的参考价值     

武广客运专线隧道光面爆破施工技术

通过武广客运专线软弱围岩浅埋隧道的施工,总结了施工方法及施工经验,探讨了有关大断面围岩隧道光面爆破技术。     

某高速公路石方路堑爆破技术

以某高速公路为工程背景,简要介绍了爆破总体方案的选择及路堑石方预裂爆破参数的设计,从布孔与钻孔、装药与堵塞、覆盖等几个方面对其安全技术措施进行了探讨。     

静态爆破技术在片石混凝土挡墙拆除中的应用

静态爆破是非炸药爆破环境下安全、经济、高效的理想破碎方法。其具有无振动、无噪音、无飞石、无粉尘、无冲击波、无有害气体和无毒等特点。在雨田煤炭铁路专用线吐鲁番站内挡墙的拆除中采用了静态爆破，通过施工现场实践和多次试验，优化并确定了片石混凝土挡墙静态爆破施工的技术（关键）参数，有效降低了因飞石、振动及噪音等对营业线行车安全的影响，同时减少了对既有线运营和站内施工的干扰，加快了施工进度。     

新型水封爆破除尘技术试验研究

为更快速有效地清除隧道钻爆施工所产生的粉尘，提出“辅助降尘注水孔方案”、“差异水袋布置方案”、“降尘注水孔+差异水袋布置” 3种新的水封爆破除尘技术方案。依托轿顶隧道进行现场试验，得到初始状态下掌子面区域纵、横向特征位置的粉尘质量浓度，CO、CO2、O2、NO2体积分数分布情况，通风条件下纵向特征位置的粉尘质量浓度、CO体积分数随时间的变化规律，3种新型水封爆破方案下掌子面区域纵、横向特征测试位置的粉尘质量浓度、CO体积分数分布规律。经研究得出如下结论： 1）通风10 min内是粉尘质量浓度、CO体积分数下降最快的阶段； 2）新型水封爆破除尘方案的降尘效果明显，3种方案最大降尘比例依次为36.84%、40.85%、65.74%； 3）降尘注水孔对爆破粉尘可起到良好的“封闭”作用； 4）新型水封爆破方案可起到明显降低CO体积分数的作用。