Tragedy of the San Francisco bay commons

Abstract

Although the early efforts to save San Francisco Bay in the 1960's provided the role model for protection of California's 1100 mile ocean coastline, neither Proposition 20 of 1972 nor the California Coastal Act of 1976 provided any benefits to San Francisco Bay. One result is that the Bay is locked into its urban, shoreline‐use dominated plan of 1969 while every other estuary and coastal wetland in California receives much stronger protection of its resources. Furthermore, due to the complexity of California's water laws, there is no instream flow protection for receiving waters such as San Francisco Bay. This is particularly critical considering that 70% of the Bay's freshwater inflow has been diverted. The Bay's present decline as the largest and most important estuary on the West Coast, as well as its possible death as an estuary, may be irreversible. The problem requires the immediate attention of engineering, scientific, economic and legal disciplines if San Francisco Bay is to be saved.     

Designing a Network of Coral Reef Marine Protected Areas in Hainan Island,South China

Overexploitation of reef resources and increasing coastal tourism have severely damaged the health of coral reef ecosystems around Hainan Island, South China. Only some reef sites are protected, and the effectiveness of the marine protected areas (MPA) appears inadequate. Networks of MPAs have been widely proposed as a more effective tool for reef conservation. However, little is known about the overall state of the island's coral reefs, and no guidelines exist for MPA network building in China. In this study, the information currently available on the distribution and condition of Hainan's coral reefs is comprehensively used to assess reef status, and to identify other reef areas prior to protection. An MPA network around the island is proposed in terms of monitoring, legal, and management aspects to improve the conservation effectiveness. This could also serve as a model for developing MPA networks for other coastal areas with respect to coral reef conservation.     

单线铁路隧道新微台阶带仰拱一次爆破开挖施工技术研究

为解决单线铁路隧道Ⅳ、Ⅴ级石质围岩采取常规微台阶爆破开挖存在的问题,进一步推广运用微台阶法,在总结常规微台阶 爆破开挖所存在的问题基础上,通过实际调研、理论分析等手段,提出台阶尺寸拟定的基本原则,建立维护微台阶稳定的精准爆破 设计体系,开发“W型”爆破网络、研制可缩式轻量化带滑移装置作业平台,形成了新微台阶带仰拱一次爆破开挖技术。 通过中老 铁路友谊隧道工程实践的验证,该工法既可避免常规微台阶爆破开挖存在的缺点,又能大幅提升标准化管理水平和工程进度,可实 现施工管理常态化。     

赤水河口淤沙段航道治理试验

分析赤水河来水来沙特性、泥沙淤积和碍航特点,提出用整治建筑物、炸礁与疏浚等手段束窄滩段河宽,并通过模型进行论证。     

基床爆夯技术在软基边界条件下的应用

结合烟台港三期工程在砂质软基上的基床爆夯应用实例,介绍基床爆夯的参数设计、爆夯施工工艺、爆夯环境监测、实施效果、施工经验等内容,为类似工程施工提供参考借鉴.     

小净距隧道控制爆破关键技术

介绍了小净距隧道施工钻爆开挖中为了保证两洞之间中间岩柱的稳定,采用微差控制爆破技术、严格控制单段最大起爆药量及周边眼采用光面爆破等关键技术,这些技术是隧道结构安全和施工安全的保证。文中的一些作法,可供同类工程参考。     

大顶子山航电枢纽上游纵向混凝土围堰拆除爆破

介绍大顶子山航电枢纽上游纵向混凝土围堰拆除爆破设计.该工程根据爆破围堰的特点和技术要求,采用减震孔、预裂爆破和减震槽减震,用草帘钢丝网及砂袋防护飞石,取得了良好的爆破效果.     

台山某护岸工程施工方案优化

介绍台山某护岸工程施工方案优化的原因及方案形成过程,对比分析施工方案优化前后的施工工序、工程量及船机投入,检测验证结果表明,优化后的施工质量满足设计要求。施工方便、经济合理。     

澜沧江三道拐河段航道整治模型试验研究

论述了三道拐河段河床复杂地形、碍航原因等情况,在认识滩性的基础上进行工程对比试验,提出了治理应以增大弯道半径和改善水流流态为主,从而保证中、枯水通航     

铁路隧道水压光面爆破施工技术

结合工程实例,介绍了在铁路隧道掘进中所采取的水压光面爆破技术,包括炮孔布置、装药量计算及装药结构等。并通过试点,对比分析了同条件下常规光爆与水压光爆的效果及经济效益。水压光爆能提高隧道单循环掘进进尺,改善断面开挖质量,降低掘进爆破粉尘浓度,创造可观的经济效益。