高速公路取弃土场与施工便道生态修复研究

高速公路的取、弃土场及施工便道如不采取有效措施加以修复,极易引起水土流失等生态破坏,文章通过总结实例研究,探讨了高速公路取、弃土场与施工便道将工程措施和植物措施相结合的生态修复技术与施工方案,对高速公路取、弃土场及施工便道的生态修复具有一定的技术指导作用。     

公路边坡干湿客土喷播生态恢复效果评价

为评价公路边坡干湿客土喷播生态恢复效果,以京沪高速公路莱芜至临沂（鲁苏界）段改扩建工程路堑岩石边坡生态恢复工程为例,在归纳边坡客土喷播干湿工法的基础上,通过现场采样测试分析,对干湿客土喷播两种工法的生态恢复效果进行评价,提出了边坡客土喷播生态恢复评价方法。结果表明,与客土干喷工法相比,湿喷工法具有作业快、生产效率高、初期出苗快、种类多、植被覆盖度好等特点,但初期灌草比例中草本植物出苗偏多,对后期草本向灌木植物演替产生一定的影响。尽管干湿两种客土喷播工法均能实现边坡生态恢复,但两种工法的差异性导致边坡生态恢复的效果有所不同,对于具体的公路边坡生态恢复工程而言,需进行现场试验研究确定适宜的干湿客土喷播工法及相应植生材料配比,以达到最佳的边坡生态恢复效果。     

Using the Ecopath with Ecosim Modeling Approach to Understand the Effects of Watershed-based Management Actions in Coastal Ecosystems

Resource managers are often tasked with identifying and assessing the potential impacts of management actions on the biotic communities under their care. When the management activities directly influence a single species of interest, managers can turn to a variety of models to aid in their understanding of potential changes to that population. However, as ecosystem-based management becomes more widely accepted, managers will have to understand how proposed actions will impact entire biotic communities, through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Thus, there is a need for ecosystem models that account for both trophic and non-trophic interactions, and that can be relatively easily used to assess a variety of management scenarios. We reviewed the available literature regarding incorporation of eutrophication and other anthropogenic impacts into Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE), one of the more widely used trophic ecosystem modeling frameworks. We found that a number of mechanisms of varying complexity have been used to include these stressors in models, providing managers with a suite of options that can be used to complement their existing management options as they seek to understand the impacts of human interactions on the natural environment.     

海口市南渡江“一江两岸”发展策略

海口市南渡江"一江两岸"主要存在水体浑浊、水系退化、防洪排涝能力不足、景观营造单一、交通联系不畅等问题,制约着两岸建成区的融合发展。重塑"一江两岸"的首要任务是进行生态修复,包括恢复生态湿地、开展水系连通和建设海绵城市等。在恢复生态肌理的同时,构筑"T"字型城市空间发展格局、完善水陆综合交通体系、复合发展滨江产业,助力海口市加快建设国际化滨江滨海花园城市。     

Warming Seas in the Coral Triangle: Coral Reef Vulnerability and Management Implications

The highest diversity coral reefs in the world, located in the Coral Triangle, are threatened by a variety of local stresses including pollution, overfishing, and destructive fishing in addition to climate change impacts, such as increasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and ocean acidification. As climate change impacts increase, coral reef vulnerability at the ecoregional scale will have an increasingly important influence on conservation management decisions. This project provides the first detailed assessment of past and future climatic stress, thermal variability, and anthropogenic impacts in the Coral Triangle at the ecoregional level, thus incorporating both local (e.g., pollution, development, and overfishing) and global threats (increasing SSTs). The development of marine protected area (MPA) networks across the Coral Triangle is critical for the region to address these threats. Specific management recommendations are defined for MPA networks based on the levels of vulnerability to thermal and local stress. For example, coral reef regions with potentially low vulnerability to thermal stress may be priorities for establishment of MPA networks, whereas high vulnerability regions may require selection and design principles aimed at building resilience to climate change. The identification of climate and other human threats to coral reef systems and ecoregions can help conservation practitioners prioritize management responses to address these threats and identify gaps in MPA networks or other management mechanisms (e.g., integrated coastal management).     

半干旱区路域边坡生态恢复初期土壤一植被演替研究

为了深入了解半干旱区路域边坡生态恢复初期土壤一植被系统演替特征,文章以山西太原绕城高速边坡生态修复示范工程为对象,结合对该示范工程边坡土壤一植被所开展的连续6年的野外定点生态监测实践,运用室外监测和室内数据分析,研究了土壤肥力、植被群落等特征指标的动态变化规律,为半干旱区公路边坡植被恢复提供参考依据。     

高速公路边坡植被恢复景观效益评价

应用植物生长率分析、盖度—时间动态分析的方法对公路边坡试验点植被群落数量特征进行了研究,并且通过对植被生长率、盖度、地径随时间的动态变化得出植物生长变化情况。同时为了分析植被生长形成的景观效果,应用层次分析法对试验点边坡植被恢复景观效应进行了定量评价,醒目程度在景观敏感性指标中最为重要;坡度、土壤侵蚀性和植被的恢复能力在景观视觉吸收能力指标中比较重要;植被覆盖率、自然性和空间配置在景观质量指标中比较重要。     

Food supply mechanisms for cold-water corals along a continental shelf edge

In recent years it has been documented that deep-water coral reefs of the species Lophelia pertusa are a major benthic habitat in Norwegian waters. However, basic information about the biology and ecology of this species is still unknown. Lophelia live and thrive under special environmental conditions of which factors such as temperature, water depth, water movement and food supply are important. The present work explores the hypothesis that Lophelia forms reefs in places where the encounter rate of food particles is sufficiently high and stable over long periods of time for continuous growth. This is done by relating the distribution of reefs with the results of numerical ocean modelling.Numerical simulations have been performed with an idealized bottom topography similar to what is found outside parts of the Norwegian coast. In the simulations the model is first forced with an along slope jet and then with an idealized atmospheric low pressure. The model results show that the encounter rates between the particles and the water layer near the seabed are particularly high close to the shelf break. This may indicate that many Lophelia reefs are located along the shelf edges because the supply of food is particularly good in these areas.A sensitivity study of the particle supply in the area close to the seabed for increasing latitude has also been done. This shows that the Ekman transport in the benthic layer tends to create a steady supply of food for benthic organisms near the shelf edge away from the equator.     

基于Hopfield网络的三维显微图像复原

在实际显微系统中,由于样本的折射率和透镜折射率不匹配,致使不同深度的PSF是不一样的.为了实现三维显微图像的复原,提出了基于三维高斯PSF的复原算法,将Hopfield神经网络用于三维图像序列的复原中,实验证明连续Hopfield网络能够恢复深度变化图像模型的模糊图像.     

二次旋转组合设计在零件修复试验中的应用

采用二次旋转组合设计的方法进行零件修复试验,并以45钢和球墨铸铁为基材的零件镀铁修复为例,介绍二次旋转组合设计在零件修复中的具体应用,建立镀层结合强度与活化电流密度、活化时间之间的数学模型.结果表明,该方法具有试验次数少、便于分析和应用.