Improving the estimation of total and direction-based heavy-duty vehicle annual average daily traffic

Abstract

The estimation of annual average daily traffic (AADT) is an important parameter collected and maintained by all US departments of transportation. There have been many past research studies that have focused on ways to improve the estimation of AADT. This paper builds upon previous research and compares eight methods, both traditional and cluster-based methodologies, for aggregating monthly adjustment factors for heavy-duty vehicles (US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) vehicle classes 4–13). In addition to the direct comparison between the methodologies, the results from the analysis of variance show at the 95% confidence level that the four cluster-based methods produce statistically lower variance and coefficient of variation over the more traditional approaches. In addition to these findings – which are consistent with previous total volume studies – further analysis is performed to compare total heavy-duty monthly adjustment factors, both directions of traffic, with direction-based monthly adjustment factors. The final results show that the variance as well as the coefficient of variation improve on average by 25% when directional aggregate monthly adjustment factors are used instead of total direction.     

船用柴油机凸轮轴的断裂失效分析

船用主柴油机凸轮轴断裂失效时有发生且原因复杂,全面、客观地评估凸轮轴断裂失效的原因是解决该问题的重要途径。文章结合柴油机凸轮轴断裂故障实例,依据凸轮轴结构特性、失效模式,归纳总结出凸轮轴断裂失效分析的一般程序,并成功应用于查找某船用主柴油机的凸轮轴断裂失效的主要原因。结果表明,断裂失效分析过程具有较高的工作效率和质量,分析结果客观准确可信。     

Safety modeling for two‐way left‐turn lanes and a procedure to identify two‐way left‐turn lane segments with safety concerns

In the past, two‐way left‐turn lane (TWLTL) median treatments have been frequently used in Florida to inexpensively improve traffic and safety performances. In order to identify factors that may have significant impacts on safety operations in TWLTL sections and to identify TWLTL locations that present existing and future safety concerns, a research project was carried out and results are summarized in the paper. In the research, a three‐year crash history database with crashes and section characteristics from a total of 1688 TWLTL sections all over Florida was developed and used. A negative binomial regression model was developed to determine the statistical relationship between the number of crashes per mile per year and several variables such as traffic volume, access density, posted speed, and number of lanes. In regard to the methodology, in order to identify locations with safety concerns, several steps are needed: development of real crash data distribution, determination of statistical distribution models that better represent the actual crash data, determination of percentile values for the average number of crashes, estimation of crash rates for sections with the same characteristics, estimation of critical values for the variables corresponding to the percentile values for average number of crashes, calculation of tables of critical average annual daily traffic values, and generation of a list of TWLTL locations with critical safety concerns. Results presented in the paper have been used in real applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新建沈阳南站东西子站房连体结构设计

研究目的:新建沈阳南站东西子站房屋顶网架结构支座落在两个塔上,使整体结构成为连体结构,结构受力复杂,本文旨在研究屋顶网架采用不同支座形式结构整体受力的特点,确定合适的网架支座形式。研究结论:通过对东西站房屋顶网架支座形式采用双向弹簧支座和固定铰支座进行结构整体受力的对比,计算分析表明采用双向弹簧支座后,可以有效地减低屋顶网架结构对支承框架柱的水平推力,并且温度应力大大减小。本文还进行了罕遇地震下的时程分析,得到了网架支座在罕遇地震作用下的最大变形量,选用的双向弹簧支座允许变形量应能满足罕遇地震作用下的最大变形量。     

某载货车转向盘偏转问题分析与改进

通过对悬架与转向拉杆的跳动干涉分析,解决了某载货车在装载过程中出现的转向盘偏离中间位置的转动问题,最后结合转向盘自由转角,给出了悬架与转向拉杆跳动干涉值要求。     

故障树分析与危险源日志的结合

主要介绍故障树分析方法,并结合工作经验讲述如何将故障树分析结果与危险源日志进行对应链接,从而清晰、形象的为危险源的来源提供有力证据,规范项目技术风险管理。     

鲁尔泵振动问题的原因分析与处理

针对输油站使用的鲁尔ZLMIP型泵振动问题,经过现场实际运行情况的调研,搜集整理日常维修作业中发现的问题,找出了造成泵振动的主要原因,具体对泵转子的动不平衡、机组同心度、滑动轴承、泵体内压力脉动等影响泵振动的主要因素进行认真分析,并逐一进行整改跟踪,提出了解决方案并进行了现场落实,解决了泵的振动问题,实现了泵的正常运转。     

Prioritization of failure risk in subsea flexible pipes via data envelopment analysis

Risk-based inspection is nowadays the predominant approach to structural integrity assurance in complex engineering systems, such as those designed for and operated in deepwater environments. One of the major tasks in risk-based planning is risk ranking of the components comprising an engineering system. In this paper, a mathematical model based on data envelopment analysis is developed for this purpose, whereby two types of weights are employed: subjective judgmental weights which are provided as input, and objective which constitute the output of the model. The use of the mathematical model is illustrated in a real world system of subsea flexible pipes, which operational in the south Atlantic Shelf off the Southeast Coast of Brazil.     

The performance of route modification and demand stabilization strategies in stochastic vehicle routing

A key concern in managing vehicle routing operations under stochastic demands is whether, on the basis of travel distance, route modification yields materially greater logistical efficiency than fixed routes. This research uses statistical calibration as the primary technique to develop a robust and tractable model for estimating this difference in logistical efficiency. Based on features such as the models predictive accuracy and generalizability, it constitutes a substantive improvement over existing models. The present study also expands the range of predictive models relevant to vehicle routing under stochastic demands with models to estimate the transportation and inventory effects of persuading customers to stabilize their ordering patterns.     

西南地区山岭隧道自动化变形监测技术的效益分析

为了更好地指导山岭隧道变形监测技术选用，提高监测效率并节约成本,从技术和经济效益2个方面对比分析人工监测和自动化监测，阐述各监测方式的技术性和经济性特征，总结不同应用条件下应优先选用的监测技术类型，并提出一套可行的变形监测技术选用程序。研究成果可为现阶段西南地区隧道工程变形监测技术类型选用提供参考。