Benthic community and food web structure on the continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay (North Eastern Atlantic) revealed by stable isotopes analysis

The North Bay of Biscay continental shelf is a major French demersal fishery, but little was known on the trophic food web of its benthic communities. In order to determine the benthic trophic web, the objectives of this study are to describe the macro- and megafaunal benthic community structure (species richness, abundance and biomass) and to establish the trophic pathways (food sources and trophic levels) by applying carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic analysis to the main benthic and demersal species (invertebrates and fish). Two distinct benthic communities have been identified: a muddy sand community within the central part of the bay, and an outer Bay of Biscay Ditrupa sand community of higher species richness, abundance and biomass than the muddy sand community. Deposit-feeders, suspension feeders and predators, distributed in three main trophic levels, dominate both communities. Large differences in stable carbon ratio values within the primary consumers provide evidence of two different food sources: i) a pelagic food source made up of recent sedimenting particulate organic matter on which zooplankton and suprabenthos feed and ii) a benthic detrital food source supplying deposit feeders and partly benthic suspension feeders. Differences in isotopic signatures were also observed within the upper trophic levels that allowed estimation of the contribution of each food source component to the diet of the upper consumers. Finally, the use of stable isotopic composition together with the species' feeding strategy allow identification of the main differences between the trophic functioning of the two benthic communities and highlight the importance of the role of detrital pathways in the carbon cycling within the continental shelf benthic trophic web.     

东孔兑隧道砂质黄土地段施工技术

结合呼准铁路增建二线东孔兑隧道，分析了砂质黄土隧道特殊地段的地质现象，通过工程实践提出施工方案，为同类隧道工程施工提供技术参考。     

基于参数曲面表达的帆形船体外板展开方法

本文提出了一种基于参数曲面表达的帆形船体板曲面的平面展开方法.该展开方法以三角网格平面逼近船体曲面和3D网格点摊平后出现开裂角为基础,展开过程可分为三个阶段:定义初始导向单元条,初始展开形状确定和展开形状优化.本文所提出的展开方法符合帆形船体板水火弯板变形特点,可以提供水火弯板成形收缩量,并已在实际的船体板曲面展开中得到验证,计算结果与船厂计算的收缩量数据基本相同.     

浅谈冷藏集装箱船货舱通风设计

本文介绍了风冷和水冷两种冷藏集装箱船的货舱通风设计。     

上承式箱型混凝土拱桥荷载试验分析

通过对恩施市连珠大桥进行静载、脉动和现场荷载试验,测得结构的各种力学指标和性能指标,并与理论计算值及相应的规范规程要求进行了对比,从而对桥梁的整体性能和结构的安全性做出了评价。试验结果表明,该桥的主体结构满足设计要求,达到了设计要求的承载能力。     

丁坝绕流问题的紊流数学模型

本文应用水深平均k-e紊流模型,采用SIMPLEC计算方法,成功地模拟了丁坝绕流问题,并与相应的试验资料作了比较,计算结果表明该方法适用于模拟有回流存在的复杂水流。同时还探讨了模型中主要参数对回流长度的影响,并对其灵敏度作了分析计算,对参数作了修正,使计算所得的回流长度与实测值更吻合。     

结合水对软土次固结特性的影响机制研究

结合水对软土的工程特性具有重要影响，为研究结合水对软土次固结特性的影响机制，选取天津软土为研究对象，开展了结合水的等温吸附试验及原状土和不同结合水含量下重塑土的固结蠕变试验。从结合水角度对原状土的固结蠕变特性进行了探讨，并就结合水类型及含量对重塑土蠕变特性的影响机制进行了研究。研究结果表明：等温吸附试验中90%相对湿度节点为土中强、弱结合水的界限，98%相对湿度节点为弱结合水和自由水的界限；相应的，土中强结合水吸附量为13.2%，弱结合水吸附量为22.6%；另外，水化中心的改变导致强结合水阶段吸-脱附过程之间存在明显的滞后效应。原状土固结蠕变过程中，当固结压力p＞400 kPa后，土体的次固结受弱结合水控制，此时结合水排水比自由水困难许多，这是原状土次固结系数在400 kPa后开始逐渐减小的原因之一；原状土在整个固结蠕变过程中排出了12.1%的自由水和9%的弱结合水，没有强结合水排出。在强结合水范围内重塑土的次固结变形及次固结系数对结合水量的变化并不敏感，进入强、弱结合水共存状态后，结合水量对重塑土次固结的影响逐渐显现出来，次固结变形量及次固结系数随含水量的增加呈现加速增加的趋势，说明弱结合水是软土固结蠕变的主控因素。     

降排水技术在淮安三线船闸土建工程中应用

介绍淮安三线船闸基坑降排水的方法,并对降水过程中水位监测结果进行分析,同时阐述了降水对周围建筑物影响并对相关处理方法进行探讨。     

航道整治滩性分析——非冲积性滩险滩性分析

论述了非冲积性滩险类型、基本成因、滩险碍航特点、水流特性及其分析方法。通过滩性分析可以确定滩险成滩水位、最凶水位、消滩水位(流量)的成滩出现时期及滩段凶、险的定量概念。结合滩段地貌、地形特点,确定碍航水流具体成因,并据以制定整治原则和方法。     

浅谈DN2600暗涵顶管施工工艺

文章以百色市新兴路DN2600暗涵项管施工为例，介绍了泥水平衡式顶管施工方案与顶进施工工艺，指出该施工方法安全、稳定、可靠，可在涵道顶进线路控制工程中取得良好的施工效果。