Influence of uneven rail irregularities on the dynamic response of the railway track using a three-dimensional model of the vehicle–track system

A mathematical model of the vehicle–track interaction is developed to investigate the coupled behaviour of vehicle–track system, in the presence of uneven irregularities at left/right rails. The railway vehicle is simplified as a 3D multi-rigid-body model, and the track is treated as the two parallel beams on a layered discrete support system. Besides the car-body, the bogies and the wheel sets, the sleepers are assumed to have roll degree of freedom, in order to simulate the in-plane rotation of the components. The wheel–rail interface is treated using a nonlinear Hertzian contact model, coupling the mathematical equations of the vehicle–track systems. The dynamic interaction of the entire system is numerically studied in time domain, employing Newmark's integration method. The track irregularity spectra of both the left/right rails are taken into account, as the inputs of dynamic excitations. The dynamic responses of the track system induced by such irregularities are obtained, particularly in terms of the vertical (bounce) and roll displacements. The numerical model of the present research is validated using several benchmark models reported in the literature, for both the smooth and unsmooth track conditions. Four sample profiles of the measured rail irregularities are considered as the case studies of excitation sources, examining their influences on the dynamic behaviour of the coupled system. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate that the motion of track system is significantly influenced by the presence of uneven irregularities in left/right rails. Dynamic response of the sleepers in the roll direction becomes more sensitive to the rail irregularities, as the unevenness severity of the parallel profiles (quantitative difference between left and right rail spectra) is increased. The severe geometric deformation of the track in the bounce–pitch–roll directions is mainly related to such profile unevenness (cross-level) in left/right rails.     

张力腿平台的环境荷载及响应

通过对张力腿平台的资料分析和案例模拟研究，概括了张力腿平台的环境荷载，探讨了平均环境荷载、波频荷载、低频荷载和高频荷载对张力腿平台运动的影响，分析了张力腿平台的运动特点，介绍了环境荷载与平台响应计算中所涉及到的关键因素以及世界上通用的设计规范，提出了开展我国深水海域开发研究的建议。     

一种交通量检测设备布设方法的研究

针对目前交通流检测设备布设中出现的一些问题，借助均匀设计方法，结合神经网络处理观测交通流数据，在设置数量有限制条件下，开展布设方案优化设计研究。方案设计力图在人力、物力投入最小的前提下，通过典型路段、交叉口等交通基础设施的组合，可以更多的获取交通流参数信息，全面、准确的反映城市交通流分布情况。选用了67的均匀设计表作为方案设计基础表，经过拟水平处理后设计优化方案，运用BP神经网络构建交通量推断模型，判定设计方案的优劣，进行了实地交通流检测设备优化布设研究。通过研究可知，采取优选布设方案采集的交通量对检测路段交通量进行预测，相对偏差可以达到0．006。     

PMM tests in a circulating water channel and nonlinear analysis

As a result of frequent marine disasters leading to the loss of human life and pollution of vast areas of the ocean, ship manoeuvrability has become a very important characteristic of ship design. Among several recent experimental techniques to determine ship manoeuvrability, the most popular is captive model testing using a planar motion mechanism (PMM). This article describes some tests, analyses, and results of PMM tests in a circulating water channel (CWC) using a model of a training ship. The hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on a model of the training ship Shioji Maru in pure yawing motion were measured, and hydrodynamic derivatives were obtained using two different methods of analysis: singular value decomposition (a least-squares fit method) and Fourier analysis. Derivatives obtained from the tests were used to simulate the turning trajectory of the actual ship, and these were compared with the results of sea trials. The results indicate that both methods of analysis yield fairly similar derivatives. The simulation results were also found to be a close match with the trial results. Received: February 7, 2002 / Accepted: May 14, 2002 Address correspondence to: K. Shoji (shoji@ipc.tosho-u.ac.jp)     

Simulation System Design of 3-D Panorama of Ship Motions in Wave

In this paper a 3-D panoramic simulation system of a ship is described which is developed with the MAXSCRTPT language and VC + + as programming tools on the platform of 3 Dsmax. The strip theory method is applied to the motion prediction of the mono-hull. The time history solutions of heave and pitch are obtained in the condition of head sea to provide the primary data on panoramic simulation. The simulation system has following functions: 1) digital simulation; 2 ) panoramic simulation; 3) environmental set-up; 4) render preview and output.     

中低速磁悬浮列车五单元转向架曲线通过研究

以五单元转向架磁悬浮列车为例,对磁悬浮列车曲线通过时的运动学规律进行了研究,分析了磁悬浮列车转向架的几何结构和转弯时的运动关系,推导了基于磁导向力平衡假设的磁悬浮列车曲线通过的几何关系的数学表达式,并给出了工程应用的近似计算公式.     

波浪补偿平台垂向位移的短时预报

针对BP算法存在收敛速度慢和局部极值的问题,采用此方法对BP学习算法进行改进,结合实验采集的数据进行仿真计算,结果表明采用此方法可以有效地提高Elman网络的训练速度和稳定性,使El-man网络能够更有效地对波浪补偿平台垂向位移进行短时预报。     

三体船横摇运动

介绍了关于三体船横摇运动的研究工作。采用能量法，由自由横摇衰减试验测量数据计算了三体船横摇阻尼系数，分析横摇过程中阻尼非线性作用的特点，讨论侧体横向布置位置、舭龙骨和航速对三体船横摇运动的影响，对线性、非线性方法用于预报三体船横摇运动进行比较分析。三体船模型横摇试验包括静水中的自由横摇衰减试验、规则波中的零速横摇试验。试验中通过系列变化侧体横向布置位置，并对侧体安装舭龙骨进行对比试验，研究侧体布置和舭龙骨对三体船横摇运动的影响。经与试验结果对比，本文对三体船横摇运动预报的结果令人满意。     

The choice of speed and clearance for RAS on 3D method

In this paper, a 3D source distribution technique is used to calculate the coupled motions between two ships which advance in the wave with the same speed. The numerical results of coupled motions for a frigate and a supply ship have a good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the 3D coupled motions of two ships, a spectral analysis is employed to clearly observe the effect of speed, clearance and wave heading on the significant relative motion amplitude (SRMA) of two ships.The method presented in this paper will be helpful to select suitable clearance, speed and wave heading for underway replenishment at sea(RAS).     

深圳地铁车站水表倒转原因分析及对策

深圳地铁一期工程有18座车站,采用生产、生活、消防用水共用系统.每座车站设有两路来自不同管网的市政给水,车站之间通过区间消防管网连通.自一期工程开通运营以来,发生了多起水表倒转事件.分析了水表倒转现象的原因.将止回阀更换为具有快关特点的橡胶瓣止回阀后,水表不再倒转,效果明显.