Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

Environmental impacts of public transport systems using real-time control method

Public Transport (PT) systems rely more and more on online information extracted from both operator’s intelligent equipment and user’s smartphone applications. This allows for a better fit between supply and demand of the multimodal PT system, especially through the use of PT real-time control actions/tactics. In doing so there is also an opportunity to consider environmental-related issues to approach energy saving and reduced pollution. This study investigates and analyses the benefits of using real-time PT operational tactics in reducing the undesirable environmental impacts. A tactic-based control (TBC) optimization model is used to minimize total passenger travel time and maximize direct transfers (without waiting). The model consists of a control policy built upon a combination of three tactics: holding, skip-stops, and boarding limit. The environmental-related measure is the global warming potential (GWP) using the life cycle assessment technique. The methodology developed is applied to a real life case study in Auckland, New Zealand. Results show that TBC could reduce the GWP by means of reduction of total passenger travel times and vehicle travel cycle time. That is, the TBC model results in a 5.6% reduction in total GWP per day compared with an existing no-tactic scenario. This study supports the use of real-time control actions to maintain a reliable PT service, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and subsequently moving towards greener PT systems.     

深海拖曳系统自稳定二级拖体姿态控制研究

二级深拖系统具有可控性强、母船扰动弱等优点,是重要的海洋探测平台。在实际工作中,二级拖体姿态稳定是保证探测数据准确的基本前提。本文以具有自主调节功能的二级拖体为例,对其姿态控制进行研究。首先建立了二级拖缆的“弹簧——阻尼”模型,并在此基础上建立了二级深拖系统的数学模型。其次根据该系统具有非线性、时变性等特点,设计了具有参数自修正功能的模糊自适应PID控制器,以实现在不同工况下对二级拖体的姿态进行控制。仿真结果表明,未加载控制器时,海况变化对拖体姿态有显著影响,其俯仰角和横滚角均会发生大范围波动。加载模糊自适应PID控制器后,拖体通过自主调节,能够使姿态波动控制在较小范围,从而满足工作要求,验证了拖缆数学模型的正确性和所采用的控制方法的可行性。     

基于ADRC的调距桨伺服控制系统设计

船舶调距桨推进系统具有典型的非线性和不确定性,以及柴油机、推进轴系和螺旋桨三者的强耦合性,并受到其执行能力的约束以及风、浪、流等的干扰,使得调距桨伺服控制系统的设计非常困难。本文建立了基于自抗扰控制器(Active Disturbance Rejection Control,ADRC)的调距桨伺服控制系统数学模型,对自抗扰控制器的原理及参数整定进行了分析,采用Matlab/Simulink完成仿真程序的设计和研究,ADRC螺距控制与传统的PID螺距控制相比,具有良好的鲁棒性和稳定性,尤其在抗扰性能方面具有良好的控制效果。     

一种新型尾滑道式船载小艇收放系统可行性研究

作为一种新型的尾滑道式船载小艇收放系统,在回收小艇时,小艇需要以一定的航速冲上尾滑道。回收能否成功除了受制于驾驶员操作水平等主观因素,还与滑道的涉水深度、小艇与母船尾滑道的运动响应等客观条件有关。本文利用切片理论计算了小艇与母船尾滑道的运动响应,并对3级及4级海况下回收小艇的可行性进行了分析。     

应用于船舶压载水处理系统的自清洗过滤器技术

介绍了2种用于压载水处理系统的自清洗过滤器的工作原理和技术特点,并结合过滤器陆基试验的测试结果,对这2种自清洗过滤器在3种水质下的过滤效果和反冲洗效果进行分析和总结,结果可为压载水处理系统用的自清洗过滤器设计和选型提供一定参考。     

长江航道承载力概念研究

以国家号召发展长江航道为背景,在生态航道建设的基础上,首次提出以满足生态效益需求为核心,兼顾经济社会发展、长江水资源综合利用等多种目标,实现长江航道建设可持续发展的长江航道承载力概念。借鉴资源承载力理论体系,运用系统理论、协同理论等理论对航道承载力系统的结构关系进行分析,并提出航道承载力的定义、内涵、特征及航道承载力发展机制。     

近岸深水联排灌注桩施工工艺优化

采用传统的冲孔灌注桩施工工艺进行海上灌注桩施工时,往往会面临适用条件限制、环境污染、施工成本增加等问题。针对三亚凤凰岛项目海上冲孔灌注桩施工特点,介绍通过优化钢平台结构形式及布局设计、泥浆循环系统优化设计、结构稳定性计算、"四新设备"创新应用等措施,有效降低施工成本、提高施工效率、减少环境污染、提高施工质量。结果表明采取的工艺优化和平台改进措施效果良好、实用性强。     

航道治理建设规划环境影响识别及指标体系建立

针对航道治理建设规划环境影响识别及指标体系建立问题,对长江干线"十三五"航道治理建设规划环境影响评价成果进行分析研究,采用系统分析、生态因子识别、生态影响判别等方法,得出规划要素与资源、环境要素之间的关系,并结合环境目标提出评价指标体系,可为航道规划环境影响评价提供参考和借鉴。     

港口高杆灯的无线智能控制系统设计

随着港口建设规模的扩大,港区堆场面积越来越大,配套的高杆灯及其他照明设施的数量也相应增加,需要一个自动化的、科学的管理方式和系统对其进行管理和控制。照明无线智能控制系统采用先进可靠的远距离无线通信技术,将人机操作界面和远程控制环节有机结合起来,实现对高杆灯的远距离无线控制。通过高杆灯无线智能控制系统,合理组合开启灯具数量和安排开启时间,智能调光,以达到高效节能、安全运行的良好效果。