Propagating buckles in corroded pipelines

Rigid–plastic solutions for the steady-state, quasi-static buckle propagation pressure in corroded pipelines are derived and compared to finite element predictions (ABAQUS). The corroded pipeline is modeled as an infinitely long, cylindrical shell with a section of reduced thickness that is used to describe the corrosion. A five plastic hinge mechanism is used to describe plastic collapse of the corroded pipeline. Closed-form expressions are given for the buckle propagation pressure as a function of the amount of corrosion in an X77 steel pipeline. Buckles that propagate down the pipeline are caused by either global or snap-through buckling, depending on the amount of corrosion. Global buckling occurs when the angular extent of the corrosion is greater than 90°. When the angular extent is less than 90° and the corrosion is severe, snap-through buckling takes place. The buckle propagation pressure and the corresponding collapse modes also compare well to finite element predictions.     

Activity patterns,time use,and travel of millennials: a generation in transition?

Millennials, defined in this study as those born between 1979 and 2000, became the largest population segment in the United States in 2015. Compared to recent previous generations, they have been found to travel less, own fewer cars, have lower driver’s licensure rates, and use alternative modes more. But to what extent will these differences in behaviour persist as millennials move through various phases of the lifecycle? To address this question, this paper presents the results of a longitudinal analysis of the 2003–2013 American Time Use Survey data series. In early adulthood, younger millennials (born 1988–1994) are found to spend significantly more time in-home than older millennials (born 1979–1985), which indicates that there are substantial differences in activity-time use patterns across generations in early adulthood. Older millennials are, however, showing activity-time use patterns similar to their prior generation counterparts as they age, although some differences – particularly in time spent as a car driver – persist. Millennials appear to exhibit a lag in adopting the activity patterns of predecessor generations due to delayed lifecycle milestones (e.g. completing their education, getting jobs, marrying, and having children) and lingering effects of the economic recession, suggesting that travel demand will resume growth in the future.     

低速柴油机增压器爆炸的原因分析和预防

船舶柴油机增压器管理是轮机管理的重要一环,如何保持柴油机增压器良好工作状态,避免故障产生是每个轮机员必须考虑的问题.文章从系统的角度对某型增压器运行产生的爆炸故障进行分析,并结合实际提出避免故障的日常管理要求.     

Guidance for transport planning and policymaking in the face of an uncertain future

Uncertainty of outcome is widely recognised as a concern facing decision-makers and their advisors. In a number of spheres of policy, it appears uncertainty has intensified in the face of globalisation, economic instability, climate change, technological innovation and changing consumer preferences. How can planners and policymakers plan for an uncertain future? There is growing interest in, and use of, techniques that can help decision-making processes where deep uncertainty is involved. This paper is based upon one of the most recent international examples of a foresight exercise employed to examine uncertainty – specifically that which concerns uncertainty over the nature and extent of future demand for car travel. The principal focus of the paper is on the insights and guidance this examination of uncertainty brings forth for transport planning and policymaking. To accommodate deep uncertainty requires a flexible and open approach in terms of how policy and investment possibilities are formulated and judged. The paper argues for a focus upon the Triple Access System of spatial proximity, physical mobility and digital connectivity as a framework for policy and investment decisions that can harness flexibility and resilience. Uncertainty becomes an opportunity for decision-makers with the realisation that they are shaping the future rather than (only) responding to a predicted future. The paper outlines two forms of policymaking pathway: regime-compliant (in which adherence to trends and the nature of the world we have known pushes policy) and regime-testing (in which the nature of the world as we have known it is brought into question and vision pulls policy decisions). Stronger orientation towards regime-testing to assist in managing an uncertain future is advocated.     

浅谈钢波纹管涵施工工艺及经济性分析

结合广源高速公路钢波纹管涵工程施工,对钢波纹管涵施工工艺控制及主要技术要求进行了浅述,并对比分析了钢波纹管涵的经济性及特点,指出了该工程通过钢波纹管涵的施工,取得了良好的效果。     

泡沫沥青冷再生施工技术节能减排效益分析

泡沫沥青冷再生施工作为一种路面废旧材料再生利用新型冷再生技术,其混合料除了具有良好的路用性能,施工中还可以起到明显的节能减排作用,是发展循环经济、创建环境友好节约型社会的重要举措,目前已开始得到应用和推广;通过对泡沫沥青冷再生施工技术节能效益分析,了解其节约资源、保护环境、减少污染、降低造价等优点。     

基于FMECA故障分析的高速动车组制动系统RAMS研究

高速动车组制动系统RAMS管理能够保证车辆在其全寿命周期内达到其功能要求。文章以CRH2型高速动车组制动系统为对象建立了可靠性模型,利用FMECA方法,系统地分析了制动系统的故障模式影响及危害性,并将其可能的故障模式按严重程度分类,以便采取改进措施。     

软冗余系统在有机热载体炉控制系统中的应用

有机热载体炉作为大型的供热设备,广泛地应用于印染、石化、塑料、食品、造纸、建材和筑路工程等行业中,其控制要求特别高,尤其需要保证能长期、连续、安全可靠地运行。为保障控制系统高效运行,降低故障带来的损失,冗余是一种最好的方案,现介绍采用可编程控制器(PLC)软冗余系统来实现燃煤有机热载体炉自动控制,此方案经济又实惠、具有很好的应用前景。     

京秦高速公路监控系统智能化分析与评价

对京秦（北京—秦皇岛）高速公路视频监控系统的智能化程度进行定性分析与量化评价,这为京秦高速公路监控系统下一步的智能化改进明确了方向。