Geometric design safety estimation based on tire–road side friction

A closed-loop drive–vehicle–road–environment system (DVRES) model was established using Adams/Car and Matlab/Simulink. Dynamic responses of lateral tire forces based on tire–road side friction and road geometric characteristics are used to investigate vehicle side slip for geometric design safety estimation. The root mean square, the maximum values of lateral tire forces, comfort limit on curves and vehicle trajectories are used to quantify the safety margin of side friction. The simulation results show that the safety margins of lateral tire forces for radius, operating speed and superelevation rate were 18.2%, 19.3% and 17.6%, respectively, to guarantee good vehicle lateral reliability and ride comfort, while lower speeds are optimal in wet and slippery roads. Finally, a case study was conducted to illustrate the analysis of road design safety, and on-site experiment testing further validated the accuracy and reliability of the closed-loop DVRES model.     

Influence of uneven rail irregularities on the dynamic response of the railway track using a three-dimensional model of the vehicle–track system

A mathematical model of the vehicle–track interaction is developed to investigate the coupled behaviour of vehicle–track system, in the presence of uneven irregularities at left/right rails. The railway vehicle is simplified as a 3D multi-rigid-body model, and the track is treated as the two parallel beams on a layered discrete support system. Besides the car-body, the bogies and the wheel sets, the sleepers are assumed to have roll degree of freedom, in order to simulate the in-plane rotation of the components. The wheel–rail interface is treated using a nonlinear Hertzian contact model, coupling the mathematical equations of the vehicle–track systems. The dynamic interaction of the entire system is numerically studied in time domain, employing Newmark's integration method. The track irregularity spectra of both the left/right rails are taken into account, as the inputs of dynamic excitations. The dynamic responses of the track system induced by such irregularities are obtained, particularly in terms of the vertical (bounce) and roll displacements. The numerical model of the present research is validated using several benchmark models reported in the literature, for both the smooth and unsmooth track conditions. Four sample profiles of the measured rail irregularities are considered as the case studies of excitation sources, examining their influences on the dynamic behaviour of the coupled system. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate that the motion of track system is significantly influenced by the presence of uneven irregularities in left/right rails. Dynamic response of the sleepers in the roll direction becomes more sensitive to the rail irregularities, as the unevenness severity of the parallel profiles (quantitative difference between left and right rail spectra) is increased. The severe geometric deformation of the track in the bounce–pitch–roll directions is mainly related to such profile unevenness (cross-level) in left/right rails.     

浮置板式轨道结构隔振效果仿真研究

建立列车—轨道结构耦合系统有限元模型,将轨道不平顺作为列车—轨道结构耦合系统的激励源,对普通碎石道床轨道结构和浮置板式轨道结构的列车—轨道结构耦合系统动力学性能进行仿真研究,对比分析这2种类型的轨道结构系统振动响应与系统振动传递函数,评价浮置板式轨道结构的隔振效果。分析结果表明,浮置板式轨道结构与普通碎石道床轨道结构相比,振动加速度降低约70%,距线路5 m处大地振动加速度响应峰值降低约62.8%,相应Z振级衰减约10 dB,竖向振动加速度频率范围由0~200 Hz降到0~60 Hz,有效起到了振动隔离效果。     

行波及相干效应对超千米跨度斜拉桥多维多点随机地震响应的影响

为了研究行波及相干效应对超千米跨度公铁两用斜拉桥地震响应的影响,基于通用有限元软件ANSYS,借助高效的虚拟激励法分别得到考虑两种效应的结构地震响应值,通过对比研究,结果表明:(1)仅考虑行波效应时,在视波速取500 m/s工况下,主梁纵向位移和竖向位移出现最大均方根值,行波效应对主梁纵向位移响应影响最为显著;(2)仅考虑相干效应时,主梁纵向位移和横向位移在部分相干工况下出现最大均方根值,主梁跨中横向位移的均方根值为0.274 m,较一致激励(完全相干)增大了126.4%;(3)两种效应对结构1号边墩、2号辅助墩和3号主塔的不同地震响应的影响程度存在较大差异,需具体响应具体分析。通过各具体工况下的结果对比,得出超大跨度斜拉桥地震响应分析考虑行波和相干效应十分必要的结论。     

消能自复位摇摆框架墩结构地震反应及易损性分析

摇摆构造可限制结构的地震损伤和残余位移，从而提升结构的震后恢复能力。以消能自复位摇摆框架墩结构为研究对象，基于摇摆刚体假定，建立消能自复位摇摆框架墩结构的动力分析模型，并通过试验结果验证了该模型的有效性。模型中采用拉格朗日方程推导出结构的运动学方程，并考虑了桥墩复位碰撞所造成的速度折减以及预应力束和阻尼器的失效。以黄徐路摇摆桥梁结构为工程背景，对消能自复位摇摆框架墩结构进行实例分析、参数分析和易损性分析。实例分析和参数分析结果表明：阻尼器和预应力束的联合应用可减小结构的位移反应，阻尼器刚度的量纲一化参数（ρ_d）越大则结构减震效果越好，且在脉冲近场地震作用下的减震效果更为明显。针对阻尼器屈服、阻尼器失效、预应力束失效和结构倒塌4个极限状态的易损性分析的结果表明：在E1地震作用下，阻尼器失效、预应力束失效和结构倒塌的发生概率极小；在E2地震作用下，阻尼器极易发生屈服，阻尼器失效和预应力束失效的概率小于20%，结构倒塌的发生概率近乎为0；在脉冲近场地震作用下，ρ_d增大可降低各极限状态的发生概率，预应力束刚度的增大对各极限状态的发生概率影响较小，预应力束初始应力的增大会增加预应力束失效的发生概率。     

云南省高速公路气象灾害风险特征分析与应对

利用2013年~2015年云南省15条主要高速公路气象灾害风险普查和2016年高速公路气象敏感度调查数据,研究了云南省高速公路主要气象灾害风险特征、灾害成因,并提出了应对措施。研究结果表明:(1)云南省高速公路气象灾害隐患点主要集中在昆明、曲靖、楚雄、玉溪、普洱、文山和昭通北部等地区,从区域分布看,曲靖的隐患点数量最多为16个,从路段看,G56杭瑞高速隐患点数量最多为30个;(2)路面结冰、大雾、强降雨和团雾是影响云南省高速公路的主要气象灾害,占总数的94.4%,道路结冰是造成交通部门封路的主要气象灾害,占云南3年总封路次数的58.1%;(3)云南高速公路交通气象灾害主要是由于独特的地形、干湿分明的季节变化和相应的天气系统造成的;(4)制定了云南省高速公路气象灾害预警指标,并提出行车建议。     

张力腿平台的环境荷载及响应

通过对张力腿平台的资料分析和案例模拟研究，概括了张力腿平台的环境荷载，探讨了平均环境荷载、波频荷载、低频荷载和高频荷载对张力腿平台运动的影响，分析了张力腿平台的运动特点，介绍了环境荷载与平台响应计算中所涉及到的关键因素以及世界上通用的设计规范，提出了开展我国深水海域开发研究的建议。     

客运专线曲线线路车线耦合系统动力学性能与无砟轨道结构振动响应的仿真研究

依据系统工程理论的思想,对客运专线曲线线路车线耦合系统的动力学性能和无砟轨道结构车辆线路耦合系统振动响应问题进行分析和仿真研究,主要研究内容如下。(1)基于车辆—轨道耦合动力学理论和有限元理论,系统分析车线耦合系统中各部分的运动状态,分别建立机车车辆、普通曲线线     

基于大质量法的高墩大跨连续刚构桥地震时程反应分析

运用大质量法,推导了长大跨度桥梁考虑多点激励和行波效应的分析模型及解析方程。结合109国道小沙湾黄河特大桥的工程实例,对该桥地震动一致激励和考虑行波效应激励下高墩的地震时程反应作了对比分析研究。分析结果表明:行波效应对3个主墩的轴力和面内弯矩都有不同程度的削弱。其分析方法和结果对同类桥梁的设计与研究具有一定的参考价值。     

An Intelligent Response Surface Methodology for Modeling of Domain Level Constraints

An effective modeling method of domain level constraints in the constraint network for concurrent engineering （CE） was developed. The domain level constraints were analyzed and the framework of modeling of domain level constraints based on simulation and approximate technology was given. An intelligent response surface methodology （IRSM） was proposed, in which artificial intelligence technologies are introduced into the optimization process. The design of crank and connecting rod in the V6 engine as example was given to show the validity of the modeling method.