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对交通事故持续时间分析的发展现状进行了综述．首先简要介绍了交通事故的定义，事故种类和交通事故管理系统，并分析了交通事故持续时间的统计分布．然后，对最近应用的几种主要的交通事故持续时间的分析方法及结论进行了概述．主要包括：方差分析，线性回归，非参数回归，决策树法，hazard duration method，模糊逻辑．主要的结论包括；大量的研究发现交通事故持续时间的分布形状是向左偏斜的钟型分布．交通事故数据采集标准化是事故分析中非常重要的环节．传统的统计分析方法处理不完整的数据有局限性．最后，本文提出了将来的发展方向，包括应用人工智能方法建立事故持续时间模型，及建立交通事故数据库标准．     

Motorway crash duration and its determinants: do durations vary across motorways?

Traffic congestion has been a growing issue in many metropolitan areas during recent years, which necessitates the identification of its key contributors and development of sustainable strategies to help decrease its adverse impacts on traffic networks. Road incidents generally and crashes specifically have been acknowledged as the cause of a large proportion of travel delays in urban areas and account for 25% to 60% of traffic congestion on motorways. Identifying the critical determinants of travel delays has been of significant importance to the incident management systems, which constantly collect and store the incident duration data. This study investigates the individual and simultaneous differential effects of the relevant determinants on motorway crash duration probabilities. In particular, it applies parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) hazard‐based models to develop in‐depth insights into how the crash‐specific characteristic and the associated temporal and infrastructural determinants impact the duration. AFT models with both fixed and random parameters have been calibrated on one year of traffic crash records from two major Australian motorways in South East Queensland, and the differential effects of determinants on crash survival functions have been studied on these two motorways individually. A comprehensive spectrum of commonly used parametric fixed parameter AFT models, including generalized gamma and generalized F families, has been compared with random parameter AFT structures in terms of goodness of fit to the duration data, and as a result, the random parameter Weibull AFT model has been selected as the most appropriate model. Significant determinants of motorway crash duration included traffic diversion requirement, crash injury type, number and type of vehicles involved in a crash, day of week and time of day, towing support requirement and damage to the infrastructure. A major finding of this research is that the motorways under study are significantly different in terms of crash durations; such that motorway 1 exhibits durations that are on average 19% shorter compared with the durations on motorway 2. The differential effects of explanatory variables on crash durations are also different on the two motorways. The detailed presented analysis confirms that looking at the motorway network as a whole, neglecting the individual differences between roads, can lead to erroneous interpretations of duration and inefficient strategies for mitigating travel delays along a particular motorway.     

连云港核电站工程海域的含沙量评价

在原型勘测、室内分析方法调查 ,以及影响含沙量的主要因素、含沙量基本分布状况分析的基础上 ,对资料的可信度进行了评价 ,同时提出了连云港核电站工程物理模型试验及工程设计中含沙量合理取值的建议。     

龙口港航道扩建工程疏浚土输移研究

采用目前国际上广为应用的DELFT3D软件技术,建立潮流、风浪和泥沙即时耦合计算的二维数学模型,研究龙口港航道扩建工程疏浚土扩散问题。模型建成后,通过实测潮流、潮位和长时段地形变化资料,对模型进行有关参数的率定。在计算成果与实测资料达到相似要求后,首先对疏浚土形成的漂浮水质点运动进行分析,得出了漂浮水质点运移轨迹及影响范围,然后对疏浚土形成的悬移泥沙进行模拟,分析了疏浚土随潮流运动扩散输移而引起的悬浮泥沙的可能分布及影响范围。研究结果表明,抛泥区距港区和航道较远,不会对港区、航道造成影响。     

多空隙沥青混凝土面层排水设计中的降雨输入

讨论了道路采用多空隙沥青混凝土面层后,排水设计中降雨输入参数的意义及其选择依据,包括降雨历时、降雨强度与设计重现期,以期对这种路面的排水设计采取相对应的慨念与方法。     

波浪、潮流数值模拟中的网格数字地形的生成及可视化

在逐点插值算法中综合考虑了角度和距离的影响,改进了该算法中权函数的确定方法,并对水动力学数值模拟中普遍关心的边界进行了处理。进一步采取分区域选点法,用加权平均法生成了网格数字地形,实现了地形的可视化。开发了相应软件模块,并集成到已有的波浪、潮流数值模拟软件中,应用于实际工程中,取得了很好的效果。     

沿海滩涂区桩基施工

泉州后渚大桥位于大潮差滩涂区,引桥采用桩基筑岛施工,介绍筑岛施工要注意的问题及应对办法。     

城市桥梁结构安全度和耐久性问题的研究

论述了城市桥梁结构安全度和耐久性的内涵 ,综述了国内外桥梁结构安全度和耐久性问题应关注的有关问题 ,提出了相关对策措施     

燃料喷射对缸内直喷LNG发动机性能影响的试验研究

将某4气门车用4缸汽油机改装成缸内直喷LNG发动机,分析了燃料的喷射正时对发动机性能的影响.结果表明:在中等转速范围内,气轨压力较高,喷射持续时间短;在低、高转速范围内,气轨压力较低,喷射持续时间长;在相同转速条件下,随着负荷的增加,气轨压力减小,喷射持续时间延长;在中等负荷范围内.发动机经济性较好.     

考虑加载过程砂井地基平面应变等效方法研究

研究了荷载逐渐施加时砂墙地基的固结问题,得到了变荷载作用下砂墙地基的固结解析解,同时将该理论解与变荷载作用下砂井地基的固结理论解相比较,并选取某一等效变量进行等效,得到了考虑加载过程的单井在轴对称和平面应变情况下的一般等效条件和等效方法,并通过工程实例进行了验证。