新机遇下我国新能源汽车换电模式发展前景分析

换电模式是一种新能源汽车快速补电方式,具有补电速度快、自动化水平高、集成度高等优点,可大大降低消费者里程焦虑。还可实现“车电分离”销售,解决消费者购车成本高的难题。由于受到换电标准不统一、换电车型少等因素限制,新能源汽车换电模式发展较为缓慢。随着财政补贴退坡,换电模式重新引起政府部门和行业企业重视。文章重点研究了换电模式技术路线、应用现状和技术优势,分析了新的机遇下换电模式的发展空间和市场前景。     

汽车列车的转弯半径计算

由于运输效率提升的需要,一辆汽车会拖挂多台挂车,为了满足后期运营场景,在设计之初就应对这种汽车列车的最小转弯半径进行计算,评估运营场地或道路情况。文章主要通过汽车列车转动时没有相对转动角速度这一前提条件,对拖拽多台挂车的汽车列车的最小转弯半径进行分析计算,从而得出拖拽3台挂车的最小转弯半径公式,并由此推导出拖拽n台挂车的转弯半径的计算公式。运用该公式对某一机场牵引列车进行计算,该公式的计算结果与实际运营场景相符,证实该公式可用于工程开发和实车应用评估。     

地铁车辆辅助逆变器的设计与仿真

以地铁车辆用DC1500V/160kVA辅助逆变器为例,阐述了采用IGBT作为主要开关元件的主电路及其控制系统,并利用MATLAB/SIMULINK进行仿真验证其可行性,最后给出了采用电压空间矢量控制的仿真结果。     

新能源汽车产业背景下的车辆工程专业人才培养变革

随着新能源汽车产业的发展及国家新能源汽车产业发展规划的颁布,传统基于燃油车的车辆工程专业的人才培养方案已不能满足市场发展的要求.为此,我们对新能源汽车产业的发展方向和新能源汽车产业对车辆工程专业人才需求进行分析,对车辆工程专业的人才培养进行了思考并提出改革的措施.     

在汽车装备企业联合共建工程中心的意义

为了落实我国智能制造发展规划(2015-2025年)指导精神,以我国汽车产业链智能制造需求为导向,加快提升新能源汽车智能装备系统研发与集成工程技术能力,全面实现我国汽车智能制造自主创新体系和国产化水平,在机器人应用最为广泛的汽车及其零部件行业大力发展智能装备与系统、培育发展系统集成及其应用,成为了当前我国智能制造202...     

Towards connected autonomous driving: review of use-cases

Connected autonomous vehicles are considered as mitigators of issues such as traffic congestion, road safety, inefficient fuel consumption and pollutant emissions that current road transportation system suffers from. Connected autonomous vehicles utilise communication systems to enhance the performance of autonomous vehicles and consequently improve transportation by enabling cooperative functionalities, namely, cooperative sensing and cooperative manoeuvring. The former refers to the ability to share and fuse information gathered from vehicle sensors and road infrastructures to create a better understanding of the surrounding environment while the latter enables groups of vehicles to drive in a co-ordinated way which ultimately results in a safer and more efficient driving environment. However, there is a gap in understanding how and to what extent connectivity can contribute to improving the efficiency, safety and performance of autonomous vehicles. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the potential benefits that can be achieved from connected autonomous vehicles through analysing five use-cases: (i) vehicle platooning, (ii) lane changing, (iii) intersection management, (iv) energy management and (v) road friction estimation. The current paper highlights that although connectivity can enhance the performance of autonomous vehicles and contribute to the improvement of current transportation system performance, the level of achievable benefits depends on factors such as the penetration rate of connected vehicles, traffic scenarios and the way of augmenting off-board information into vehicle control systems.     

Consumer preferences for battery electric vehicles: A choice experimental survey in China

To accelerate the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), consumer preferences for different products and policy attributes must be determined. Although previous studies have investigated consumer preferences for some product attributes, including purchase price, operation cost, driving range, and charging time, limited studies have discussed the broader aspects of product attributes, such as battery warranty and depreciation rate. Moreover, market-oriented incentives, including the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme and the tradable driving credits (TDC) scheme, can theoretically be effective alternatives to expensive purchase subsidies. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence that confirms the influence of these two schemes on BEV adoption. To fill these gaps, we conducted a stated preference choice experimental survey in China and investigated the effect of product attributes, existing policy incentives, and two emerging market-oriented incentives on BEV adoption. Our results reveal that along with the main product attributes, battery warranty has a significant positive effect on inducing mainstream consumers to adopt BEVs while no preference difference occurs among existing policy incentives after purchase subsidies are abolished. For young consumers, almost all incentives that reduce the operation cost (e.g., PCT) or increase convenience (e.g., TDC) can increase their adoption of BEVs. These findings can provide important implications for the government with regard to designing novel incentives and promoting BEV adoption.     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.     

Electric vehicle charging station locations: Elastic demand,station congestion,and network equilibrium

Battery-only electric vehicles (BEVs) generally offer better air quality through lowered emissions, along with energy savings and security. The issue of long-duration battery charging makes charging-station placement and design key for BEV adoption rates. This work uses genetic algorithms to identify profit-maximizing station placement and design details, with applications that reflect the costs of installing, operating, and maintaining service equipment, including land acquisition. Fast electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) are placed across a congested city's network subject to stochastic demand for charging under a user-equilibrium traffic assignment. BEV users’ station choices consider endogenously determined travel times and on-site charging queues. The model allows for congested-travel and congested-station feedback into travelers’ route choices under elastic demand and BEV owners’ station choices, as well as charging price elasticity for BEV charging users.Boston-network results suggest that EVCSs should locate mostly along major highways, which may be a common finding for other metro settings. If 10% of current EV owners seek to charge en route, a user fee of $6 for a 30-min charging session is not enough for station profitability under a 5-year time horizon in this region. However, $10 per BEV charging delivers a 5-year profit of $0.82 million, and 11 cords across 3 stations are enough to accommodate a near-term charging demand in this Boston-area application. Shorter charging sessions, higher fees, and/or allowing for more cords per site also increase profits generally, everything else constant. Power-grid and station upgrades should keep pace with demand, to maximize profits over time, and avoid on-site congestion.     

汽车排放污染及净化对策研究

阐述汽车排放污染物的成分及其危害,介绍新排放法规Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型试验限值,重点分析汽车的5项排放影响因素及其净化措施。