海浪中船舶运动的可视化技术

介绍了船舶在海浪中运动的可视化技术。给出了可视化设计过程的流程图，并讨论了建立船舶模型的可行方法和三维波浪模型的数学模型，以及如何应用OpenGL函数库来生成船舶在海浪中运动的动画。在讨论可视化技术时，使用了具有平台独立性的OpenGL图形库。     

小型机动平台上时间配准问题分析

介绍空中移动平台传感器定位算法并建立模型,通过Monte Carlo仿真实验及内插外推法将高精度观测时间上的数据推算到低精度时间点上。该方法能同时有效地估计目标运动状态和传感器配准误差．与传统配准方法相比具有更快的收敛速度和更高的精度。     

Transient design waves for green-water loading on bulk carriers

The wave surface profiles associated with extreme relative motion between a slender stationary vessel and the adjacent wave surface are investigated for long-crested head seas. The methodology is based upon an established statistical relationship for a Gaussian random process which indi-cates that in the vicinity of an extreme event the most probable shape of the time history approaches that of the autocorrelation function. Attention is given to the relative motion at a longitudinal position which is representative of the No. 1 hatch cover location on a bulk carrier. Second-order corrections to the wave surface profiles are used to provide estimates of nonlinear relative motions. It is shown that extreme relative motion at the hatch cover location is associated with the vessel encountering a steep-fronted wave with pronounced asymmetry in the horizontal and vertical directions. In order to evaluate the exceedence probabilities, it is hypothesized that the peaks of the nonlinear relative motions are closely correlated with the peaks of an underlying linear process. The overall methodology is applied to an investigation of relative motion exceedence probabilities for vessel lengths of 250 m and 300 m over a range of survival seastates. Received: July, 1999 / Accepted: November, 1999     

水下爆炸冲击波作用下船体舱段刚体运动试验研究

对舰船舱段在水下爆炸球面冲击波作用下的刚体运动速度进行预报。以炸药在舱段中部正下方爆炸的工况为研究对象,将舱段简化为平板模型,计及流场对舱段运动时附加质量的影响,提出一种计算船体舱段在球面冲击波的作用下刚体运动响应的方法,对比舰船实尺度舱段水下爆炸试验结果,验证该方法的正确性。结果表明:舰船舱段整体受到冲击波的最大压力时刻比冲击波到达峰值压力的时间有一定的延迟,在冲击波压力趋于零时舱段刚体运动速度达到峰值。     

考虑冰、浪等复杂载荷工况的半潜式平台应力与运动响应特征

半潜平台在极地深水海域应用广泛,经常面对冰、浪等复杂载荷。本文从应力时程和运动时程两方面分析了半潜平台在波浪载荷,海冰载荷以及冰-浪联合载荷作用下的响应特征。结果表明,虽然海冰载荷的存在具有一定程度的抑波作用,平台的震荡得到缓解,但是冰-浪联合载荷会导致平台关键节点部位所受应力幅值大幅增加,并超过海冰和波浪单独作用产生的应力之和,对半潜平台的结构安全造成较大威胁。因此在研究、设计极地海域半潜平台时应同时考虑冰、浪对平台的影响。     

带缆水下机器人控制仿真模拟与水动力分析

本文以Fluent多重滑移网格技术对带缆水下机器人系统进行路径跟踪的仿真计算,将收放缆反馈控制与PID算法调节螺旋桨转速的双重控制策略应用于带缆水下机器人系统,并对带缆水下机器人系统升沉运动的控制误差、螺旋桨推力与转速之间的关系、缆绳系统的张力特性以及水下机器人的水动力响应做了分析。文中数值模拟结果表明,双重控制策略下,带缆水下机器人路径跟踪的控制运动较为精确,其升沉运动位移最大误差约为0.2 m;螺旋桨的转速与推力呈正相关性,转速越大,推力也越大;水下机器人沿预定轨迹运动过程中,缆绳系统张力呈现周期性震荡的变化规律,机器人主体受到的水动力荷载与多种因素相关。     

运动可逆式引信安全系统逻辑控制分析

针对传统引信安全与待发状态控制的不可逆问题,提出了一种运动可逆式引信安全系统。这种安全系统在解除保险和隔爆后利用遥控装置发出的指令信息完成恢复保险及隔爆,具有较高的安全性和可靠性。分析结果表明：运动可逆式安全系统能实现＂安全的人工失效＂,其安全性要远高于传统不可逆式安全系统;可对机构工作过程多次检测和故障定位。适用于低发射过载的高价值弹药引信。     

摆动式转向架技术的创新与发展

介绍了摆动式转向架的基本原理,阐述了摆动式转向架技术在中国的创新与发展,总结了摆动式转向架在中国的推广应用情况。     

Influence of uneven rail irregularities on the dynamic response of the railway track using a three-dimensional model of the vehicle–track system

A mathematical model of the vehicle–track interaction is developed to investigate the coupled behaviour of vehicle–track system, in the presence of uneven irregularities at left/right rails. The railway vehicle is simplified as a 3D multi-rigid-body model, and the track is treated as the two parallel beams on a layered discrete support system. Besides the car-body, the bogies and the wheel sets, the sleepers are assumed to have roll degree of freedom, in order to simulate the in-plane rotation of the components. The wheel–rail interface is treated using a nonlinear Hertzian contact model, coupling the mathematical equations of the vehicle–track systems. The dynamic interaction of the entire system is numerically studied in time domain, employing Newmark's integration method. The track irregularity spectra of both the left/right rails are taken into account, as the inputs of dynamic excitations. The dynamic responses of the track system induced by such irregularities are obtained, particularly in terms of the vertical (bounce) and roll displacements. The numerical model of the present research is validated using several benchmark models reported in the literature, for both the smooth and unsmooth track conditions. Four sample profiles of the measured rail irregularities are considered as the case studies of excitation sources, examining their influences on the dynamic behaviour of the coupled system. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate that the motion of track system is significantly influenced by the presence of uneven irregularities in left/right rails. Dynamic response of the sleepers in the roll direction becomes more sensitive to the rail irregularities, as the unevenness severity of the parallel profiles (quantitative difference between left and right rail spectra) is increased. The severe geometric deformation of the track in the bounce–pitch–roll directions is mainly related to such profile unevenness (cross-level) in left/right rails.     

张力腿平台的环境荷载及响应

通过对张力腿平台的资料分析和案例模拟研究，概括了张力腿平台的环境荷载，探讨了平均环境荷载、波频荷载、低频荷载和高频荷载对张力腿平台运动的影响，分析了张力腿平台的运动特点，介绍了环境荷载与平台响应计算中所涉及到的关键因素以及世界上通用的设计规范，提出了开展我国深水海域开发研究的建议。