南京长江三桥深水基础钢套箱施工

深水基础施工是大桥施工的重点,如何合理地选择其施工方案是保证大桥按期顺利完成、降低工程造价的关键。本文介绍了长江三桥钢围堰施工方案的比选及其施工要点,以供参考。     

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目前中国城市道路交通控制系统基本上是引用SCOOT、SCAT等国外开发的系统，这些系统皆是建立在机动车为主的道路交通条件基础之上的被动型控制系统。实践证明：这些系统不仅不适应中国的混合道路交通情况，在连续流与间断流的协调控制、公共汽车交通优先控制方面也存在问题，更难以适应于中国城市发展智能交通系统（ITS）的学姚。本文是国家重点基础研究规划（973）子项目“城市交通监控与管理系统”的研究成果之一，针对中国城市道路交通的特点及以往交通控制系统的问题和未来发展的需要，提出了适用于中国城市的实时自适应控制与管理系统     

Restricted car-use and perceived accessibility

In order to plan for, and achieve, a sustainable and accessible transport system, research and policies alike recognize a need to implement and enhance alternative transport options in favor of the private car. Moreover, these sustainable alternatives need to offer sufficient levels of accessibility regardless of where people live or work. We present and discuss an approach for capturing and evaluating perceived accessibility, with the ability to differentiate between individuals. Levels of perceived accessibility are compared before and after a fictive car use restriction, and between residential areas, using data from 2711 residents of Malmö, Sweden. A main conclusion is that levels of perceived accessibility become significantly lower for car users when they are limited in their options for daily travel. The difference is more substantive for frequent car users, who already travel less by sustainable modes today. There are also significant differences in levels of perceived accessibility in the restricted scenario, depending on where individuals live. These novel findings may not come as a surprise, but they emphasize the importance of including and analyzing perceptions of car users when designing accessible and sustainable transport systems. The paper ends with a discussion on how to facilitate the transition from current transport systems to an inclusive and accessible system.     

Tales on the dark side of the transport infrastructure provision: a systematic literature review of the determinants of cost overruns

ABSTRACT

Cost overruns are an endemic feature of the provision of transport infrastructure worldwide. In recent decades, a considerable amount of studies has been devoted to assessing the magnitude and determinants of cost overruns in the transportation sector. However, the empirical findings are scattered between different strands of literature, ranging from the fields of construction engineering and management to that of applied economics. To shed light on the determinants of cost overruns in the execution of transport infrastructure projects, we conduct a systematic review of the empirical literature on the topic. Of the 945 articles retrieved, 26 articles published between 2000 and 2016 meet our inclusion criteria. For them, we describe the different empirical approaches, we provide a classification of the determinants employed in the analyses and summarise their impact on cost overruns. Finally, we suggest some directions for further research in the field.     

A differential evolution approach for the vehicle routing problem with backhauls and time windows

This paper presents a differential evolution algorithm (DEA) to solve a vehicle routing problem with backhauls and time windows (VRPBTW) and applied for a catering firm. VRPBTW is an extension of the vehicle routing problem, which includes capacity and time window constraints. In this problem, customers are divided into two subsets: linehaul and backhaul. Each vehicle starts from a depot and goods are delivered from the depot to the linehaul customers. Goods are subsequently brought back to the depot from the backhaul customers. The objective is to minimize the total distance that satisfies all of the constraints. The problem is formulated using mixed integer programming and solved using DEA. Proposed algorithm is tested with several benchmark problems to demonstrate effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm and results show that our proposed algorithm can find superior solutions for most of the problems in comparison with the best known solutions. Hence, DEA was carried out for catering firm to minimize total transportation costs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal combinations of selected tactics for public-transport transfer synchronization

Handling efficiently and effectively real-time vehicle control is of major concern of public transport (PT) operators. One related problem is on how to reduce the uncertainty of simultaneous arrivals of two or more vehicles at a transfer point. Improper or lack of certain control actions leads to have missed transfers, one of the undesirable features of the PT service. Missed transfers result in increase of passenger waiting and travel times, and of passenger frustration. This work focuses on reducing the uncertainty of missed transfers by the use of control tactics in real-time operation. The developed model improves the PT service performance by optimally increasing the number of direct transfers and reducing the total passenger travel time. This model consists of two policies built upon a combination of two tactics: holding and skip-stop/segment, where a segment is a group of stops. The implementation of the concept is performed in two steps: optimization and simulation. The optimization searches for the best combination of operational tactics. The simulation serves as a validation of the optimal results under a stochastic framework. A case in Auckland, New Zealand is used. The results show that by applying the holding-skip stop, and holding-skip segment tactics the number of direct transfers are increased by about 100% and 150%, and the total passenger travel time is reduced by 2.14% and 4.1%, respectively, compared with the no-tactic scenario. The holding-skip segment tactic results with 47% more direct transfers than the holding-skip stop tactic for short headway operation.     

Hysteresis in travel demand

This paper presents evidence that there is a hysteresis effect in the demand for transport usage with respect to price. Consequently the neoclassical concept of a smooth continuous demand curve is questioned. The author presents a hysteresis model whereby changes in demand and of demand are embraced in a single theory related to generalized cost.     

城际固体货物管道运输初探

构在物流量大的城市之间,敷设城际固体货物运输管道,将零散固体货物集装于标准化的货舱内,通过管道来运送:即城际固体货物管道运输。这种运输方式具有占用耕地面积少、不受外界因素干扰、环保、高效、经济效益好等一系列优点,适用于小体积固体货物的运输。依据当今的科技水平,不存在不易解决的技术难点,是未来城际物流的一个发展方向。     

江苏省公铁客运格局变化趋势研究

公铁客运格局的变化和演进趋势表明,高速公路网络的形成使其客运规模经济效应出现顶峰;铁路建设也一样,需要一个相对完善的系统才能发挥铁路客运的网络效应,故需要同步推进铁路网络、铁路客运枢纽、铁路与其他交通网络系统衔接的建设。     

沿江高速铁路引入合肥枢纽的关键问题

规划年度(2030年)合肥枢纽将形成衔接9个方向、13条线路的大型放射状枢纽.但随着沿江高速铁路建设的提前,沿江高速铁路与既有沪蓉铁路在枢纽内共通道能力是否满足需求、枢纽的客运系统布局和客运站分工是否合理、引入车站站型方案是否最优是面临的关键问题.本文根据研究年度(近期2035年、远期2045年)的枢纽客运量及车流特点,结合既有沪蓉铁路的功能定位及分工调整,对枢纽内主要客运站和区段能力进行分析,对引入车站站型进行研究.通过定量和定性分析,从契合城市总体规划、运输组织的便捷性、线路平面条件、工程实施难易度、工程建设条件、投资等多方面综合比选,优化了枢纽的客运系统布局和客运站分工,确定了合理的枢纽引入方案.