Possible remedies for intact stability hazards involving contemporary small inland passenger ferries in Bangladesh

On the basis of previous studies, a series of hazards involving the typical small inland passenger ferries operating in inland Bangladeshi waters have been identified. In particular, stormy weather conditions, overloading, and the risk of crowding to one side have been determined as the typical events that are likely to lead to capsizing in the intact condition. In this article, possible hazard mitigation measures are discussed, both from the regulatory and from the design point of view, for a small inland ferry that is very similar to one that actually capsized in the past. The addressed design options involve ballasting and hull modification by means of additional buoyancy above the waterline. From a regulatory point of view, it is proposed that the present weather criterion in force in Bangladesh be modified by increasing the wind speed to be accounted for and by considering the concurrent effects of wind, rolling, and the crowding of people to one side.     

优化多式联运问题的一种广义最短路方法研究

多式联运问题是目前引起普遍关注的一个研究课题,但针对多式联运网络的性质及其相关算法的研究,尤其是寻求最佳运输路线方法的研究,各类相关文献仍涉及很少。本文首先回顾多式联运问题的理论研究现状,并分析了Reddy(1995)构建的总运输成本最小化条件下的多式联运模型。在此基础上,提出一种求解最佳运输路线的广义最短路法,即通过构建多式联运网络多重图,将运输过程中的数据、信息和图中的节点、边关联起来,然后对运输费用和中转费用进行分析估计,并通过在联运网络图中加入虚拟的发、到站,使得该问题可用Dijkstra算法进行求解,从而获得广义费用最少的联运方案。最后,将该方法和后动态规划法同时应用于由5个城市及3种运输方式构成的多式联运算例求解,通过实际对比分析,证实该优化方法的计算复杂度不高于后动态规划法,从而验证了该优化方法的有效性。     

如何完善农村客运网络化建设

针对农村客运网络建设中公路通行条件差、客运站场建管不到位、"冷""热"线搭配不均等问题,提出一些工作设想和思路,希望对农村客运网络化建设工作有所帮助。     

Alternative financing for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT): The case of Porto Alegre, Brazil

In the 1970s, Brazil was leading the implementation of high-flow bus priority schemes, but now cities are less capable of financing public infrastructures. This paper explores the private sector participation in the provision of transit infrastructure based on Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). The Porto Alegre BRT contemplates interchange terminals planned to accommodate retail and service activities. It is expected that these areas shall generate enough revenues to remunerate private investors, under a PPP scheme, for the construction of terminals and part of the infrastructure required to upgrade some sections of the existing busways to BRT standards.     

Overview of public transport policy developments in South Africa

In South Africa, a restructuring of the public transport system is currently under way. In the bus industry the tender for contract system is being implemented, the commuter rail sector is being recapitalised and the minibus taxi industry recapitalization programme is in its early stages. Progress with policy implementation across the modes of transport, modal split trends and issues that hamper the full development of the public transport industry are discussed in this paper. Medium to long term policy and strategy initiatives that will further inform the development of the industry are also highlighted in this chapter.     

Distance and time in intermodal goods transport networks in Europe: A generic approach

This paper is about distance and time as factors of competitiveness of intermodal transport. It reviews the relevance of the factors, evaluates time models in practice, compares network distances and times in alternative bundling networks with geometrically varied layouts, and points out how these networks perform in terms of vehicle scale, frequency and door-to-door time. The analysis focuses on intermodal transport in Europe, especially intermodal rail transport, but is in search for generic conclusions. The paper does not incorporate the distance and time results in cost models, and draws conclusions for transport innovation, wherever this is possible without cost modelling. For instance, the feature vehicle scale, an important factor of transport costs, is analysed and discussed.Distance and time are important factors of competitiveness of intermodal transport. They generate (direct) vehicle costs and – via transport quality – indirect costs to the customers. Clearly direct costs/prices are the most important performance of the intermodal transport system. The relevance of quality performances is less clarified. Customers emphasise the importance of a good match between the transport and the logistic system. In this framework (time) reliability is valued high. Often transport time, arrival and departure times, and frequency have a lower priority. But such conclusions can hardy be generalised. The range of valuations reflects the heterogeneity of situations. Some lack of clarity is obviously due to overlapping definitions of different performance types.The following parts of the paper are about two central fields of network design, which have a large impact on transport costs and quality, namely the design of vehicle roundtrips (and acceleration of transport speed) and the choice of bundling type: do vehicles provide direct services or run in what we call complex bundling networks? An example is the hub-and-spoke network. The objective of complex bundling is to increase vehicle scale and/or transport frequency even if network volumes are restricted. Complex bundling requires intermediate nodes for the exchange of load units. Examples of complex bundling networks are the hub-and-spoke network or the line network.Roundtrip and bundling design are interrelated policy fields: an acceleration of the roundtrip speed, often desirable from the cost point of view, can often only be carried out customer friendly, if the transport frequency is increased. But often the flow size is not sufficient for a higher frequency. Then a change of bundling model can be an outcome.Complex bundling networks are known to have longer average distances and times, the latter also due to the presence of additional intermediate exchange nodes. However, this disadvantage is – inside the limits of maximal vehicle sizes – overruled by the advantage of a restricted number of network links. Therefore generally, complex bundling networks have shorter total vehicle distances and times. This expression of economies of scale implies lower vehicle costs per load unit.The last part of the paper presents door-to-door times of load units of complex bundling networks and compares them with unimodal road transport. The times of complex bundling networks are larger than that of networks with direct connections, but nevertheless competitive with unimodal road transport, except for short distances.     

多式联运协同服务系统的设计与实现

多式联运已成为现代物流的高速公路,而信息化建设是推动多式联运快速发展的主要因素。文中介绍了多式联运协同服务（MTC）系统的架构设计和功能,实现＂port to door＂各环节的信息互动和协同作业要求,为货主/货代、船公司、物流企业等部门物流操作、信息跟踪及物流监管服务等提供全方位的支持。通过系统建设,全面整合各环节系统及信息资源,构筑高效联动、功能完备的集疏运服务平台,为多式联运提供全程无缝式信息一体化服务。     

多换乘点响应型接驳公交运行线路的协调优化

为尽量降低响应型接驳公交系统的运行费用，提出多换乘点间运行线路协调设计的构想。针对同时包含预约需求和实时需求的混合需求，构建多换乘点响应型接驳公交系统运行线路的2阶段协调优化方法，并设计优化流程。第1阶段仅考虑预约需求，首先将预约乘客按有/无特定换乘点要求进行分类，在此基础上构建预约需求下多换乘点多车辆运行线路的协调优化模型。在协调优化模型中，优化目标是由乘客时间费用、车辆运行费用、以及惩罚费用所构成的系统总成本最小；乘客时间费用包括乘客候车时间的惩罚费用、车内乘客在需求点的等待时间费用以及乘客车上时间的惩罚费用3个部分；车辆运行费用包括车辆启动费用、路段行驶费用、需求点的停靠费用、车辆早到引起的等待费用4个部分；考虑的约束条件包括乘客候车和车上的软时间窗、乘客换乘点要求、车辆容量、车辆出行时长等。第2阶段根据规则判断是否响应实时需求，并根据响应情况重新优化后续各班次的运行线路。针对第1阶段模型，基于模拟退火算法设计求解算法。研究表明：在预约需求或混合需求条件下，与各换乘点运行线路独自优化相比，协调优化方法均能显著降低运送全部响应乘客所需的平均运行距离和平均总成本；仅有预约需求时分别降低5.4%、19.8%，新增实时需求后分别减少1.4%、21.7%；与固定发车间隔相比，分时段调整发车间隔，也能有效降低运送全部响应乘客所需的平均运行距离和平均总成本，仅有预约需求时分别降低18.2%、17.2%，新增实时需求后分别减少19.97%、25.06%，说明多换乘点间车辆路径的协调运行是提升响应型接驳公交运行效率的有效途径。     

关于做好危险货物运输车辆维修管理工作的思考

阐述了做好危险货物运输车辆维修管理工作应采取的措施,确保安全运输,保障人民群众生命财产安全。     

公交企业在公交都市建设中的地位与任务

建设公交都市已成为大都市缓解城市交通拥堵的发展方向。本文在公交都市建设实践及研究成果的基础上，分析了常规公交在公交都市中的地位及公交企业的使命，提出了公交企业在公交都市建设中的任务体系，对公交企业的经营管理有一定的指导作用。