Imperfect reversibility of air transport demand: Effects of air fare,fuel prices and price transmission

There are recent evidence that air transport demand may not have a perfectly reversible relationship with income and jet fuel prices, as is assumed in most demand models. However, it is not known if the imperfectly reversible effects of jet fuel price are a result of asymmetries in the supply side, i.e., asymmetries in cost pass through from fuel prices to air fare, or of demand side behavioral asymmetries whereby people value gains and losses differently. This paper uses US time series data and decomposes air fare and fuel price into three component series to develop an econometric model of air transport demand that is capable of capturing the potential imperfectly reversible relationships and test for the presence or absence of reversibility. We find that air transport demand shows asymmetry with respect to air fare, indicating potential imperfect reversibility in consumer behavior. We also find evidence of asymmetry and hysteresis in cost pass-through from jet fuel prices to air fare, showing rapid increases in airfare when fuel prices increases but a slower response in the opposite direction.     

Integrating transport and land-use planning? How steering cultures in local authorities affect implementation of integrated public transport and land-use planning

Previous research has shown integrated planning to be important for achieving aims concerning more environmentally friendly transport operations, but less good at explaining prerequisites of implementation. This paper analyses how management and working practises in local authorities, here understood as steering cultures, affect implementation of integrated land-use and public transport planning approaches. The analysis builds on case studies of planning in two Swedish municipalities. These have developed two antithetical steering cultures, namely one that can be described as deliberative and one that can be described as sectorised. The paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of these steering cultures. The findings show the deliberative model to facilitate integration through advanced mechanisms of consensus and co-ordination between policy-makers and officials. The sectorised model has no such mechanisms, but this need not result in poor prospects of integrated planning. It is important for integrated planning approaches, whatever the steering culture, to be in line with the institutionalised norms and objectives by which planning practices are governed. Integration therefore needs a normative component, so as to ensure implementation. The important normative component in this context can be construed as discourses and rationales concerning transport and the urban development of which public transport forms part.     

关于做好危险货物运输车辆维修管理工作的思考

阐述了做好危险货物运输车辆维修管理工作应采取的措施,确保安全运输,保障人民群众生命财产安全。     

绿色交通概念解析

分析了交通系统对资源环境的影响机理,在考察"可持续发展"、"低碳"、"节能减排"、"循环"等相关概念的基础上,提出绿色交通的内涵,并对其发展要求和具体理念进行了分析。     

基于广西旅游业的道路客运发展探析

文章针对广西道路旅客运输的现状及广西道路客运企业发展旅游业的优越条件,以＂运游结合＂为切入点,介绍以快捷优质的客运服务带动＂慢旅游＂道路客运企业发展旅游业的新模式,对采取＂运游结合＂经营模式,提高服务质量,发展＂慢旅游＂提出了相关的建议。     

Comparing smart scheme effects for congested highways

A high level objective for many international governments and local operators is that highways should be managed in a way that is sustainable in terms of a Low Carbon Energy future. Recent initiatives such as the Strategic Transport Technology Plan and the policy and legal framework promoted by the European Commissions’ Intelligent Transport System (ITS) Directive and ITS Action Plan may assist with this objective. However, many levels of complexity are inherent within the (ITS) schemes that are now part of highway management, due to the linkage of various technological components to complex systems and services. Maintaining efficient, sustainable co-operative performance is therefore a major task, with inconsistencies between product suppliers, network managers and operators. As a result, it is of considerable interest to the highway operators and high level policy makers to be able to assess the performance of individual ITS schemes and furthermore, to be able to compare performance between ITS schemes. In this paper, an illustration is provided of a methodology that can be used to assess the performance of ITS schemes according to a set of sustainability criteria. A case study is introduced which compares the performance of anticipated Active Traffic Management (ATM) schemes for what the road network operator (Highways England) perceive to be the four most congested highways in England (in terms of annual average daily traffic flows). Appropriate action can then be taken to improve the energy and sustainable management of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and transport systems for the benefit of a smarter, sustainable and efficient future.     

Generation and recovery of airborne delays in air transport

The analysis of the causes behind the appearance and propagation of delays is one of the major topics inside Air Transport Management research. Existing research focuses by and large on Air Traffic Flow Management regulations and reactionary delays; less attention has been devoted to the study of the mechanisms governing the generation and absorption of delays while airborne, in spite of their important economical and environmental consequences. Here we present a methodology to detect delay-generating events, based on the comparison of planned and real trajectories; these events are then used to characterise several aspects of the dynamics of the system, e.g. its resilience. We apply this methodology to a historical data set of flights crossing the European airspace during 2011, and observe an overall resilient system, able to absorb as much delays as it generates; yet resilience is not constant, but strongly depends on the phase of the flight, and shows high spatial and temporal heterogeneities. We anticipate the proposed methodology to open new doors for the development of a better systemic performance, by enabling the characterisation and understanding of this fundamental type of delay.     

公交企业在公交都市建设中的地位与任务

建设公交都市已成为大都市缓解城市交通拥堵的发展方向。本文在公交都市建设实践及研究成果的基础上，分析了常规公交在公交都市中的地位及公交企业的使命，提出了公交企业在公交都市建设中的任务体系，对公交企业的经营管理有一定的指导作用。     

城市综合公共交通体系及其体系设计研究

随着我国城市化进程的加快，城市交通问题日益突出，大力发展公共交通逐渐成为公认的解决城市交通拥堵的有效途径之一。为了从城市整体层面提高公共交通服务能力和水平，提出城市综合公共交通体系的概念，并探讨该体系的若干设计内容。