Regulating transport’s environmental impacts in a deregulating world

In recent years, a growing awareness of the environmental impacts of transport has played a major part in the shift towards policies to manage the demand for travel. As a result, a substantial increase in the role of public transport has been identified as necessary in any strategy towards more environmentally sustainable transport patterns. At the same time there has been a quite separate process of deregulation and the withdrawal of the state from the transport market. These two trends appear to represent potentially contradictory processes. This article draws upon two major studies that explore the relationship between increasing needs for environmental regulation and the privatisation of bus and rail services. It is shown that, as currently organised in Britain, the development of bus and rail services are inadequately linked to strategic environmental policymaking and, rather than being part of the solution to transport’s environmental impacts, there is a real danger that these ‘green’ methods of transport could slide into simply being part of the problem itself. It is concluded that privatisation and deregulation does not mean the end of the need for policy mechanisms, but they do mean that policy has to be implemented in a very different way.     

公路超限超载治理的宏微观经济学分析

在分析公路超限超载运输的经济学性质、发生发展的一般内在机理与中国特性的基础上,结合公路超限超载问题解决的经典经济学思路与中国国情提出了相应长效治理机制。     

公路客运短期运量预测研究

科学有效地预测公路客运量对于公路客运的管理和决策具有重要意义。本文结合实际应用,基于客运量中短期变化规律的分析,对公路客运量短期预测方法进行研究,给出了预测系统的总体结构和预测算法,以协助运力配置、运力调拨,进而实现运力运量的平衡。     

Land rents and transport improvements: Some urban parables

Define a transportation improvement's impact zone as the area within which resident households and business firms regularly utilize the improvement. Three simple parables suggest that the increases in impact-zone land rents that usually accompany improvements do not accurately reflect its benefits. Seemingly modest variations in the demand and supply relationships that characterize impact-zone residents can have major effects on the relationship between benefits received and the land-rent changes that are measured. Generally speaking, increases in impact-zone land rents substantially understate benefits unless these benefits are small either absolutely (because the improvement is modest) or relatively (because the impact zone is part of a homogeneous area of much larger size).     

CO2 efficiency in road freight transportation: Status quo, measures and potential

Road freight transport continues to grow in Germany and generates 6% of the country’s CO₂ emissions. In logistics, many decisions influence the energy efficiency of trucks, but causalities are not well understood. Little work has been done on quantifying the potential for further CO₂ reduction and the effect of specific activities, such as introducing computer assisted scheduling systems to trucking firms. A survey was survey out and linked fuel consumption to transport performance parameters in 50 German haulage companies during 2003. Emission efficiency ranged from 0.8 tonne-km to 26 tonne-km for 1 kg CO₂ emissions. The results show potential for improvements given a low level of vehicle usage and load factor levels, scarce use of lightweight vehicle design, poorly selected vehicles and a high proportion of empty runs. IT-based scheduling systems with telematic application for data communication, positioning and navigation show positive effects on efficiency. Fuel use and transport performance was measured before and after the introduction of these systems.     

公路大件运输计算机决策系统的研制与开发

公路大件运输是公路运输的一种重要的形式。大件运输的货物往往是国家重点建设项目的关键设备,在运输过程中通常要求具有很高的可靠性和安全性。本文系统分析了公路大件运输安全性的影响因素,建立了运输车辆的可靠性、稳定性和通过能力模型,并在此基础上用VB语言开发出了公路大件运输计算机决策系统。试用结果表明,该软件能迅捷、有效地解决公路大件运输的可靠性、稳定性和通过能力的决策问题。     

Car ownership and attitudes towards transport modes for shopping purposes in Singapore

The heightening of issues, such as sustainable development and environmental pollution have resulted in many governments pursuing transport policies which aim to promote the use of public transport modes, including walking, as well as discourage the use of the car for various activities, such as shopping, work, recreation, etc. However, little has been done on understanding shoppers' perceptions of transport modes for shopping purposes. Particularly, not much research has been done on examining the attitudes of car owners and non-car owners towards transport modes for shopping purposes. Using Singapore as a study area, this study has attempted to analyse car owners and non-car owners' perceptions of the different types of transport modes (i.e., car, taxi, bus, mass rapid transit and walk) in their shopping trips. The research found that each transport mode has its own unique set of attributes. In addition, car owners and non-car owners portray different attitudes towards the public transport modes and the car. This calls for different strategies for these two groups of shoppers in encouraging them to use the public transport modes and restrain the use of the car.     

认清形势,跨跃式发展全面完成“十五”规划

分析了垦区道路运输的现状及未来发展目标 ,指出要保证其可持续快速发展 ,必须进行运输结构调整 ,加强基础设施建设 ,并依靠科技进步     

对大型货车挂靠现象的再探讨

通过对大型货车挂靠现象的分析 ,使人们意识到挂靠给社会造成的不良影响及给国家带来的经济损失 ,从而探讨解决问题所采取的根本措施     

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奥运会交通筹备和运行工作是十分复杂的系统工程。前期需要做好奥运会交通需求分析、交通设施、交通组织管理的规划和设计工作,赛时需要考虑奥运会运行的特殊要求,组织安排好各客户群体的集散运输服务,同时协调好赛事交通和社会交通。本文分析了北京奥运会交通需求,从基础设施建设、运输服务及管理政策等方面介绍了北京奥运会交通筹备工作。从奥运指挥体系、场馆交通、道路交通、公共交通等方面阐述奥运会期间北京交通的运行状况。最后,结合北京交通发展,提出了奥运交通对北京今后交通发展的主要启示和奥运会后交通发展的思路。