城市轨道交通公私合作模式经营性量化测算

对城市轨道交通公私合营项目社会投资人的投资回报模型进行分析,并对项目公益性和经营性的双重属性进行深入研究,提出一种基于投资额、运营成本、票款收入、补贴金额等数据对项目的经营性进行量化测算的方法,得出项目经营性量化测算的基本原则——使超过传统模式的融资成本部分等于运营期各项支出的节约部分,并在北京地铁4号线公私合营项目中进行应用.     

考虑输入滞后的磁悬浮列车悬浮系统的鲁棒H_∞容错控制

以磁悬浮列车单模块悬浮系统为对象,考虑系统存在的输入时滞,建立了时滞悬浮系统的数学模型,基于状态反馈和线性矩阵不等式处理方法,设计了在执行器发生故障情况下的鲁棒H∞容错控制器,在此基础上,针对不同执行器故障模式,对悬浮间隙的变化情况进行了仿真。仿真结果表明所设计的控制器在执行器故障条件下能够使磁悬浮列车稳定悬浮与运行。     

船闸日到船概率分布参数估计

讨论了船闸日到船分布参数的确定方法，分析了样本容量和方差估计精度的关系及方差估计相对误差对日到船量计算的敏感性，提出了合理的数据容量和取样方法。应用结果表明，样本容量取90时，日到船量计算的相对误差主要控制在5％以内，对于工程实际是偏于安全的，这说明该方法可行。     

Feedback brake distribution control for minimum pitch

The distribution of brake forces between front and rear axles of a vehicle is typically specified such that the same level of brake force coefficient is imposed at both front and rear wheels. This condition is known as ‘ideal’ distribution and it is required to deliver the maximum vehicle deceleration and minimum braking distance. For subcritical braking conditions, the deceleration demand may be delivered by different distributions between front and rear braking forces. In this research we show how to obtain the optimal distribution which minimises the pitch angle of a vehicle and hence enhances driver subjective feel during braking. A vehicle model including suspension geometry features is adopted. The problem of the minimum pitch brake distribution for a varying deceleration level demand is solved by means of a model predictive control (MPC) technique. To address the problem of the undesirable pitch rebound caused by a full-stop of the vehicle, a second controller is designed and implemented independently from the braking distribution in use. An extended Kalman filter is designed for state estimation and implemented in a high fidelity environment together with the MPC strategy. The proposed solution is compared with the reference ‘ideal’ distribution as well as another previous feed-forward solution.     

Geometric-based tyre vertical force estimation and stiffness parameterisation for automotive and unmanned vehicle applications

Advanced empirical, and physical-based tyre models have proven to be accurate for simulating tyre dynamics; however, these tyre models typically require expensive and intensive tyre parameterisation. Recent research into wheeled unmanned ground vehicles requiring vertical force analysis has shown good results using a simple linear spring model for the tyre which demonstrate the continued use for simple tyre models; however, parameterisation of the tyre still remains a challenge when load test equipment is not available. This paper presents a cost-effective tyre vertical stiffness parameterisation procedure using only measured tyre geometry and air pressure for applications where high-fidelity tyre models are unnecessary. Vertical forces calculated through an air volume optimisation approach are used to estimate tyre vertical stiffness. Nine tyres from the literature are compared to evaluate the performance of the vertical force estimation and stiffness parameterisation algorithms. Experimental results on a pair of ATV tyres are also presented.     

基于后果概率估计的地铁集群火灾风险评估

有很多大型企事业单位包含了火灾风险特征相似的多个建筑或场所,可将这些建筑或场所定义为“集群”。目前,尚缺乏集群火灾风险评估的相关研究。为了降低集群火灾风险及提升决策者对于集群火灾风险的认知和重视,需探讨集群在其全寿命周期内发生火灾的可能性。针对集群火灾风险评估,建立了后果概率估计法,即“通过对评估对象火灾后不同维度后果(重伤人数、死亡人数、直接财产损失)的概率进行估计,并参照火灾风险值基准来计算该评估对象的火灾风险值”。通过邀请5名专家运用后果概率估计法评估了长沙地铁集群(99座车站,其中有12座换乘站)的火灾风险。结果表明:长沙地铁的火灾风险值为70.45,为中风险等级。     

铁路编组站阶段计划编制研究综述

铁路编组站阶段计划优化编制一直是铁路运输组织研究的热点和难点,其目标是为实现阶段计划的计算机自动编制和构建智能化编组站调度系统。迄今,在编组站阶段计划编制理论与方法研究上取得较多成果。在对阶段计划编制主要内容分析的基础上,对确定和不确定环境下的阶段计划编制以及阶段计划计算机编制与实现的研究现状进行简要综述;并综合已有的主要研究成果,探讨编组站阶段计划自动编制存在的问题及未来的研究方向。     

浅议合理编制公路建设工程投资估算

公路建设工程是基础设施建设的重要部分,涉及面广、投资大,依法合规确定其工程投资十分重要.尤其是可行性研究阶段的投资估算,不仅是控制工程投资的考量目标,更是落实投资来源、分析投资效益的重要依据.此文在阐述公路建设基本程序的基础上,针对目前在可研阶段编制投资估算存在的主要问题进行分析.通过分析,提出解决存在问题的方法和措施,来保证所编制投资估算的质量和准确性.     

地铁大直径盾构区间土建工程造价指标研究

为在工程前期研究阶段更快、更合理地确定地铁大直径盾构区间土建工程造价指标,以武汉、天津、台州等地的大直径盾构区间工程为实例,着重分析地铁大直径盾构区间土建造价构成;并通过对有关投资文件进行详析,研究得出逐项累加法和比例估算法两种测算大直径盾构区间土建造价指标的新方法。其中,逐项累加法计算精度较比例估算法高,需要先对各分项工程造价指标进行分析、计算后,累加得出地铁大直径盾构区间土建造价指标。以上两种新方法,可为今后地铁工程决策和前期设计方案优化提供参考和依据。     

城市轨道交通车辆车载蓄电池剩余容量估算方法

城市轨道交通车辆车载蓄电池的电压值无法准确反映当前蓄电池剩余容量值。采用安时积分法作为蓄电池电量变化量的基本计算方法,综合考虑影响蓄电池容量的初始误差和累计误差,将老化程度、温度变化及放电倍率作为误差补偿因子,建立估算蓄电池剩余容量的数学模型。根据估算模型设计算法流程,并将其应用于城市轨道交通车辆蓄电池监测系统。该系统可以向列车操作人员提供蓄电池剩余容量的实时信息,便于维修维护等操作。