地铁扣件刚度和阻尼对钢轨异常波磨的影响

根据目前北京地铁隧道内和桥梁上减振器扣件轨道结构面临的钢轨异常波磨问题,分别建立地铁隧道内和桥梁上整体道床轨道结构的垂向振动分析模型,分析对比两种基础上钢轨的垂向动力传递特性,讨论扣件刚度和阻尼对其动力特性的影响,最后给出此类波磨的控制建议.     

客运专线减振型CRTSⅠ型板式无砟轨道凸形挡台设计计算研究

针对减振型CRTSⅠ型板式无砟轨道的凸形挡台进行受力分析和计算,考虑了列车荷载的纵向力、横向力即温度力等对凸形挡台的受力影响,并分别推导出了这些荷载影响因素对凸形挡台受力的计算公式。最后对减振型板式轨道的凸形挡台进行受力计算和结构设计,给出了凸形挡台的结构配筋方式。     

真空热处理提高滚丝轮寿命试验研究

本文通过对两种型号的滚丝轮分别进行真空热处理和箱式炉热处理,并进行现场寿命对比试验及分析,得出真空热处理滚丝轮寿命比箱式炉滚丝轮寿命分别提高60％和140％。标准件厂冷镦车间采用真空热处理滚丝轮一年能节约模具费50万元以上,具有明显的经济效益;真空热处理可广泛用于表面质量要求高,变形小,精密的工模具处理。     

渗透海床上波浪传播特性的研究

波浪在渗透海床上传播时会发生波高的衰减.基于Dean和Dalrymple(1984年)提出的渗透海床上波浪传播的理论模型,推导了波浪运动的速度势表达式和色散关系,并采用迭代方法,提出了一种求解色散方程的简单高效的数值算法,从而求得波浪的空间衰减系数(即复波数虚部).在此基础之上,研究了不同渗透系数和不同水深条件下波高的衰减规律,结果表明,波浪在传播过程中波高按指数衰减,衰减速率随渗透系数的增大和相对水深的减小而增大,但由于波浪的空间衰减系数较小,波浪的衰减也较为缓慢,通常情况下,只有当波浪长距离传播时,海床渗透导致的波高衰减才较为显著.     

规则迎浪中船舶参数横摇的三维时域预报方法研究

参数横摇是船舶因复原特性改变而引起的典型非线性现象。文章采用三维时域方法预报规则迎浪中船舶的参数横摇运动。该方法引入匹配面将流域分为内域和外域,内域中采用Rankine源来满足物面条件和线性自由面条件,而外域中应用时域格林函数来满足线性自由面条件和远场辐射条件。数值方法中,Froude-Krylov力和恢复力是通过对船舶瞬时湿表面积积分获得,同时考虑了横摇、垂荡和纵摇三自由度之间的耦合作用,以及非线性横摇阻尼的影响。数值结果与试验结果吻合很好,说明该方法可以有效地预报参数横摇。     

浸水矩形板的声辐射阻尼研究

对空气中简支边界矩形板在点简谐力激励下的振速响应公式从附加质量和声辐射阻尼的角度进行修正,得到了浸水矩形板的振速响应公式。从浸水矩形板振速公式出发,结合声辐射阻尼的定义,从能量的角度推导了矩形板声辐射阻尼的表达式,给出了其与模态辐射效率之间的关系,文中推论与已发表有关文献相比较一致性良好。研究表明：辐射阻尼随着波数比的变化而变化;在中高频段,单面临水矩形板的辐射阻尼远高于其在空气中时的辐射阻尼;板越厚,其声辐射阻尼越小。     

A survey of wheel–rail contact models for rail vehicles

Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel–rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel–rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel–rail interaction.     

Design of passive vehicle suspensions for maximal least damping ratio

This paper studies the use of the least damping ratio among system poles as a performance metric in passive vehicle suspensions. Methods are developed which allow optimal solutions to be computed in terms of non-dimensional quantities in a quarter-car vehicle model. Solutions are provided in graphical form for convenient use across vehicle types. Three suspension arrangements are studied: the standard suspension involving a parallel spring and damper and two further suspension arrangements involving an inerter. The key parameters for the optimal solutions are the ratios of unsprung mass to sprung mass and suspension static stiffness to tyre vertical stiffness. A discussion is provided of performance trends in terms of the key parameters. A comparison is made with the optimisation of ride comfort and tyre grip metrics for various vehicle types.     

Influence of wheel and rail profile shape on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue cracks at high axle loads

The influence of wheel and rail profile shape features on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) cracks is evaluated based on the results of multi-body vehicle dynamics simulations. The damage index and surface fatigue index are used as two damage parameters to assess the influence of the different features. The damage parameters showed good agreement to one another and to in-field observations. The wheel and rail profile shape features showed a correlation to the predicted RCF damage. The RCF damage proved to be most sensitive to the position of hollow wear and thus bogie tracking. RCF initiation and crack growth can be reduced by eliminating unwanted shape features through maintenance and design and by improving bogie tracking.     

A theoretical model of speed-dependent steering torque for rolling tyres

ABSTRACT

It is well known that the tyre steering torque is highly dependent on the tyre rolling speed. In limited cases, i.e. parking manoeuvre, the steering torque approaches the maximum. With the increasing tyre speed, the steering torque decreased rapidly. Accurate modelling of the speed-dependent behaviour for the tyre steering torque is a key factor to calibrate the electric power steering (EPS) system and tune the handling performance of vehicles. However, no satisfactory theoretical model can be found in the existing literature to explain this phenomenon. This paper proposes a new theoretical framework to model this important tyre behaviour, which includes three key factors: (1) tyre three-dimensional transient rolling kinematics with turn-slip; (2) dynamical force and moment generation; and (3) the mixed Lagrange–Euler method for contact deformation solving. A nonlinear finite-element code has been developed to implement the proposed approach. It can be found that the main mechanism for the speed-dependent steering torque is due to turn-slip-related kinematics. This paper provides a theory to explain the complex mechanism of the tyre steering torque generation, which helps to understand the speed-dependent tyre steering torque, tyre road feeling and EPS calibration.