Wave and sea level monitoring and prediction in the service module of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)

The need for a Global Ocean Observing System Global (GOOS) is now widely appreciated. Parts of GOOS are currently being implemented already. In this paper, written on the request of the joint Scientific and Technical Committee of GOOS, we present some of the scientific issues that need to be addressed for the further development of the Ocean and Marine Meteorology Service module of GOOS. This module is concerned with monitoring and prediction of sea level (both tsunamis and storm surges) and wind driven waves (wind–sea and swell), among other things. For each of these we discuss the current state-of-the-art, indicate what observations are needed and make suggestions for future modelling development.     

Host specificity in copepod parasites of deep-sea fishes

Parasitic copepods belonging to two orders, Siphonostomatoida and Poecilostomatoida, are frequently reported from fish hosts in the deep sea. Three families of copepods are most commonly encountered, Sphyriidae, Lernaeopodidae and Chondracanthidae, but members of another four families, Hatschekiidae, Pennellidae, Philichthyidae and Hyponeoidae, are occasionally recorded. These parasites utilise various deep demersal fishes as hosts, especially species of the most abundant families, Macrouridae, Moridae, Synaphobranchidae and Alepocephalidae. Host specificity levels are variable, as for shallow-water fishes. In contrast, few parasites are regularly reported from fishes inhabiting the pelagic water column away from the bottom and away from the near-surface zone. Only the pennellids Sarcotretes scopeli and Cardiodectes medusaeus appear common on pelagic fishes, in the Atlantic and Pacific respectively. Host specificity levels in these two pennellid species are relatively low. It is speculated that the difficulty of encountering a host in the vast pelagic biome has restricted the diversity of parasitic copepods that have successfully colonized pelagic fishes.     

考虑节理粗糙度的锚固节理岩体剪切试验

为研究粗糙度对锚固节理岩体剪切特性及锚杆抗剪作用的影响，提出了基于Synfrac软件与3D雕刻技术的岩石节理面三维重构方法，开展了不同节理粗糙度系数（JRC值）和不同法向应力下的锚固节理岩体剪切试验，研究了节理面剪胀效应对锚杆轴力、变形与破坏模式的影响，并在静力分析的基础上提出了考虑节理剪胀的锚杆抗力公式。试验结果表明：随着JRC值的增加，节理的剪胀效应使锚杆的轴向变形增大，从而使锚杆发挥出更大的轴力，提高了锚杆对节理面的剪切强度贡献（锚杆抗力）；锚杆轴力增大的同时使锚杆从拉剪破坏模式转变为拉弯破坏模式。根据试验结果，在静力分析的基础上，引入了巴顿公式中的剪胀角，提出了考虑JRC值和法向应力的锚杆抗力公式，公式预测结果与试验结果吻合良好，平均相对误差为7.6%。     

NEW METHOD FOR DERIVING OPTIMAL REDUCT

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珠海桂山岛十三湾防波堤修复加固方案

针对开敞海域防波堤结构遭遇风浪袭击而破坏的问题,分析破坏原因并选择适用的修复加固方案。引用较为详实的的风、浪、水流等资料,特别考虑了近些年出现的几个强、超强台风对工程海区风浪的影响,通过规范计算与模型试验相结合的方式,确定防波堤堤顶高程、护面块体质量等主要设计参数及断面结构形式。同时,从防波堤使用功能及港内泊稳条件的角度考虑,优化防波堤平面布置。结合模型试验研究成果,提出了针对性较强的修复加固及优化布置方案,对类似工程具有一定的借鉴意义。     

外海深基坑管涌封堵技术

针对港珠澳大桥西人工岛外海超深基坑开挖过程中因预埋孔隙水压力监测仪器穿透承压水层形成的基坑管涌,采取高压旋喷桩加固、重晶石粉注浆、双液注浆及模袋注浆法,对不同发展阶段的管涌点进行封堵处理,解决了管涌点初期渗水止漏以及管涌形成显著涌水路径时期的封堵难题。特别是采用模袋注浆方案,在管涌点无塌孔风险的前提下,沿管涌路径伸入承压水层底部注浆膨胀,实现快速止水的封堵技术,巧妙地解决了高水头差情况下管涌封堵难题。     

广东南澳大桥海中承台施工

广东南澳大桥处于海洋恶劣环境中,砼构件受氯离子侵蚀严重。上、下部构造都采用海工砼,以提高砼构件的抗腐蚀能力,保证砼构件的使用寿命。施工过程用钢板桩围堰进行砼封底后,安装桁架式钢模板,浇筑海上大体积砼承台,消除模板安装对拉螺杆,解决因对拉螺杆孔被海水长时间泡浸、日晒影响砼使用寿命,减少砼因温差及螺杆引起裂纹侵蚀承台钢筋。     

深海采矿双波浪补偿系统自适应跟踪控制

为满足深海采矿过程中管道的快速自动对接要求,设计了一种能够同时进行布放回收和升沉补偿的双波浪液压补偿系统.基于波波夫超稳定理论,设计了上波浪补偿的自适应跟踪控制律.仿真实验结果表明,上波浪补偿系统能够在自适应跟踪控制律作用下,迅速跟踪下波浪补偿系统的升沉运动,其跟踪精度能够满足同步对接要求.     

基于高分辨图像声呐的舰船声尾流实测研究

利用基于高分辨图像声呐对水面船的尾流散射特性进行海试测量,测得水面船的船体亮点和尾流空间分布图像。对尾流数据进行分析,获得水面船声尾流散射强度随时间变化特性和对应舰船的声尾流时间长度数据。     

南海神信仰：维护南海海权的文化力量

南海独特的地理位置造就了其独特的文化现象——南海神信仰.南海神信仰的文献记载、考古发现、民间传说和礼仪庆典,构成了南海是中国神圣领海的历史性证据的重要部分.南海神信仰是维护南海海权的文化力量.