取消航海过失免责对海上保险业的影响

航海过失免责存废论一直是业界及学者们激烈争论的热点问题。航海过失免责的取消决不是单纯的承运人归责原则方面的变化,它势必会对其他海运制度产生巨大的冲击,尤其是对海上保险业。本文主要论述了取消航海过失免责对海上保险制度及海上保险利益各方将产生的影响。     

两种目标定位方法的误差分析

单站球坐标定位法和梯度法是目标定位中经常使用的2种方法.针对2种目标定位方法的定位精度问题,分别介绍了2种方法的原理及误差处理过程.通过理论分析和仿真计算对上述方法的目标定位精度进行比较,结果表明,梯度法比单站球坐标定位法具有更高的目标定位精度.     

功率双分支齿轮系统动力学特性研究

文章介绍了功率双分支二级齿轮系统弯扭耦合动力学模型的建立过程,模型考虑了时变啮合刚度、滑动轴承油膜刚度、阻尼、随机轮齿误差和安装偏心误差等因素。通过研究系统固有频率和振型特点,发现系统的振动模式可分为扭转振动模式和横向振动模式两种形式。用傅里叶级数法对系统动力学方程进行了求解,得到了两级齿轮副的动态啮合力历程。考虑随机轮齿误差后,齿轮副在各啮合周期的动载荷会有所差异,更符合齿轮的实际制造情况。齿轮轴的安装偏心误差和两级间连接轴的刚度对系统的振动和均载性能都有较大影响。     

非理想条件下三轴磁通门传感器误差修正方法

三轴磁通门传感器应用较为广泛,但非正交误差和非水平误差影响了三轴磁通门传感器的磁场测量精度.根据三轴磁通门传感器测量原理,分析了非理想条件下与理想条件下磁场转化矩阵关系.为消除三轴磁通门传感器中非正交误差和非水平误差的影响,建立了以磁场转化矩阵参数为自变量的优化模型.采用全局优化能力强、寻优效率高的微分进化算法求解该优化模型,求得磁场转化矩阵参数即可实现非正交误差和非水平误差的同时修正.三轴磁通门传感器误差修正实验表明,该方法在一定程度上可有效消除三轴磁通门传感器中非正交误差和非水平误差的影响,对提高三轴磁通门传感器磁场测量精度具有重要意义.     

Development and prospects of initial alignment method for strap-down inertial navigation system北大核心CSCD

Initial alignment technology is directly related to the navigation accuracy and startup time of the strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS), and has always been regarded as a challenging focal point in the research field of inertial navigation. This paper makes a comprehensive survey of SINS initial alignment technology, briefly introduces the basic principles of initial alignment without latitude, coarse alignment with known latitude and precise alignment, and points out their advantages, disadvantages and applicable conditions. The research and effects of existing initial alignment error suppression techniques are then analyzed and discussed. Finally, according to the problems of existing initial alignment methods and the development requirements of the carrier, the future research direction of SINS initial alignment technology is predicted. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

水下目标深度测量误差源分析

首先研究了在深海环境下,采用基于三阵元垂直线列阵的水声探测系统进行水下目标深度测量的基本原理.然后从随机误差和阵元配置偏差的角度,对水下目标深度测量的误差源进行了理论分析,并推导了相关公式.此外,对于相干多途水声信道干扰给水下目标深度测量精度的影响,也作了初步的理论分析.通过仿真实验,总结出各误差源对水下目标深度测量精度影响的规律,研究结果为进一步开展水下目标深度测量研究、提高测量精度奠定了基础.     

多波束声速改正模拟及其误差分析

声速改正是多波束测量误差的主要来源,文章介绍了多波束声速改正的原理和实现方法。着重解释了声速变化对海底测点位置和深度的影响,利用V-basic和Excel电子表格形式,采用实际声速剖面模拟了任意波束测点海底位置和深度的计算过程,定量地揭示了浅层声速数据对海底弯曲变形的成因和影响程度;利用误差传播理论分析了声速对测量误差的影响。     

On the numerical accuracy of the prediction of resistance coefficients in ship stern flow calculations

This article presents a study on the accuracy of the numerical determination of the friction and pressure resistance coefficients of ship hulls. The investigation was carried out for the KVLCC2 tanker at model- and full-scale Reynolds numbers. Gravity waves were neglected, i.e., we adopted the so-called double-model flow. Single-block grids with H–O topology were adopted for all the calculations. Three eddy viscosity models were employed: the one-equation eddy viscosity and the two-equation models proposed by Menter and the TNT version of the two-equation k-ω model. Verification exercises were performed in sets of nearly geometrically similar grids with different densities in the streamwise, normal, and girthwise directions. The friction and pressure resistance coefficients were calculated for different levels of the iterative error and for computational domains of different size. The results show that on the level of grid refinement used, it is possible to calculate the viscous resistance coefficients in H–O grids that do not match the ship contour with a numerical uncertainty of less than 1%. The differences between the predictions of different turbulence models were larger than the numerical uncertainty; however, these differences tended to decrease with increases in the Reynolds number. The pressure resistance was remarkably sensitive to domain size and far-field boundary conditions. Either a large domain or the application of a viscous–inviscid interaction procedure is needed for reliable results. This work was presented in part at the International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering—MARINE 2007, Barcelona, June 3–4, 2007.     

船舶吃水对水深测量的影响浅析

在水深地形测量工作中,有很多不稳定因素极易造成水深数据误差.其中测量船舶吃水不准确也是造成误差的原因之一,因此测深船的大小以及船型的选择很重要.根据实际工作经验,对各种测量船舶吃水变化引起的水深测量误差的原因进行分析,并提出各种情况下减少水深测量误差的方法,以提高水深测量精度.     

复杂环境下罗兰C/北斗组合导航系统GDOP仿真分析

导航系统的定位精度是影响舰船航行的重要因素。罗兰C系统和北斗定位系统由于受到台链地理位置、定位方式等因素的影响分别存在着定位精度低、安全保密性差等缺点。罗兰C/北斗组合导航系统则较好地解决了上述问题。针对几何精度因子(GDOP)方面对比研究了罗兰C系统和北斗定位系统组合前后的定位误差,并进行仿真分析。结果表明,组合后弥补了北斗定位系统有源定位的不足,一定程度上改善了罗兰C定位精度,提高了有效定位范围。