A lateral driver model for vehicle–driver closed-loop simulation at the limits of handling

This paper presents a lateral driver model for vehicle–driver closed-loop simulation at the limits of handling. An appropriate driver model can be used to evaluate the performance of vehicle chassis control systems via computer simulations before vehicle tests which incurs expenses especially at the limits of handling. The driver model consists of two parts. The first part is an upper-level controller employing force-based approach to reduce the number of unknown vehicle parameters. The feedforward part of the upper controller has been designed by using the centre of percussion. The feedback part aims to minimise ‘tangential error’, defined as the sum of body slip angle and yaw error, to match vehicle direction and road heading angle. The part is designed to regenerate an appropriate skid motion similar to that of a professional driver at the limits. The second part is a lower-level controller which converts the desired front lateral force to steering wheel angle. The lower-level controller also consists of feedforward and feedback parts. A two-degree-of-freedom bicycle model-based feedforward part provides nominal steering wheel angle, and the feedback part aims to eliminate unmodelled error. The performance of the lateral driver model has been investigated via computer simulations. It has been shown that the steering behaviours of the proposed driver model are quite close to those of a professional driver at the limits. Compared with the previously developed lateral driver models, the proposed lateral driver model shows good tracking performance at the limits of handling.     

高速公路车辙与裂缝解决过程中的误区及对策

目前国内为了片面地提高路面强度来解决抗车辙能力,在沥青混合料原材料选用和组成设计中存在着误区,出现了其它质量问题。通过误区的提出和解决对策的探讨,期望能对公路设计者、建设者和养护者们提供一些参考,减少公路病害,降低养护成本,提高公路使用质量。     

On finite sample performance of confidence intervals methods for willingness to pay measures

This paper systematically compares finite sample performances of methods to build confidence intervals for willingness to pay measures in a choice modeling context. It contributes to the field by also considering methods developed in other research fields. Various scenarios are evaluated under an extensive Monte Carlo study. Results show that the commonly used Delta method, producing symmetric intervals around the point estimate, often fails to account for skewness in the estimated willingness to pay distribution. Both the Fieller method and the likelihood ratio test inversion method produce more realistic confidence intervals for small samples. Some bootstrap methods also perform reasonably well, in terms of effective coverage. Finally, empirical data are used to illustrate an application of the methods considered.     

批量生产多循环闭式冷锻铝材成形误差机械热偶合有限元分析

在冷成形加工中因为工件和模具中的温度随时间变化而使工件的成形误差也随之变化，以前的成形误差分析仅涉及单个工件加工循环。同时考虑机械效应和热力效应对成形误差的影响，对批量生产多循环闭式冷锻铝材成形过程中工件的成形误差进行了有限元分析，给出了一个包含成形各个阶段所产生的成形误差的误差分析公式。该公式可用于诸如挤压成形等其他成形工艺。这一分析工作为高精密成形误差补偿方法的研究提供了指导。     

基于双轴速率转台的IMU440惯性测量单元快速标定方法与实验

在捷联惯导系统中,惯性器件的确定性误差是系统误差的主要原因之一。为了提高惯导系统的输出精度,必须对这一误差加以补偿。以美国Crossbow公司开发的IMU440惯性测量单元为对象进行了快速标定实验,建立了陀螺仪和加速度计的误差模型方程,提出了用于辨识陀螺仪和加速度计误差模型参数的速率和位置标定法,根据两种标定方法得到了IMU440惯性测量单元的误差模型,最后对误差模型进行了校验。实验结果表明,误差补偿后的惯性器件输出值可以很好地接近理想输出值,大大降低了捷联惯导系统的输出误差。     

光纤陀螺标度因数自适应误差补偿技术研究

根据光纤陀螺（FOG）惯性测量装置的工作原理及惯性器件参数辨识的基本原理,采用传统的三轴转台标定法对光纤陀螺标度因数进行了研究。并针对光纤陀螺标度因数影响导航精度的实际工程需要,提出一种自适应误差补偿的方法,在较大程度上可以减小光纤陀螺标度因数非线性度,利用试验比对验证,结果证明该方法能有效减小光纤陀螺标度因数的非线性度误差,进而提高导航系统的使用精度。     

A Research for Error Compensation Algorithm of Dual Range Pressure Sensor

Large range-high precision measurement has always been a challenge in the field of mechanical measurements. This paper built the input-output differential equation of Dual Range Pressure Sensor(DRPS) and gave an error compensation algorithm of DRPS after analyzing the mathematical model of DRPS. For a given situation, dynamic measurement errors of sensor parameters can be compensated by this method. Finally the accuracy and feasibility of the method were verified using Adams Software.     

地铁车辆运行工况对轴箱轴承寿命的影响

根据地铁车辆运行工况的复杂性,首先对地铁车辆线路工况进行划分,并基于此提出了能够计及线路超高、钢轨波磨和车轮不圆度的轴箱轴承寿命计算方法,然后利用所提出的计算方法对某地铁车辆轴箱轴承寿命进行了计算,并根据计算结果选择合理的钢轨打磨和车辆镟修时机,从而以最低的线路及车辆维护费用延长轴箱轴承的使用寿命.算例中,车辆的车轮不圆度对轴承寿命影响最为显著,由车轮不圆度导致轴承寿命最大下降34.1%,而钢轨波磨引起的轴承寿命下降最大为5.6%,曲线超高引起轴箱轴承寿命的下降为2.8%;根据计算结果,提出将轴箱垂向振动加速度30g和3g分别作为线路维护车轮镟修的临界点.     

雷达回波波幅推求介电常数的误差分析与提高精度方法研究

介电常数计算误差是雷达路面基层与面层厚度测试误差的主要来源。介绍了雷达回波波幅推求介电常数的原理,分析了当前三种常见雷达回波波幅推求介电常数计算公式的误差和误差来源,并结合工程实际,提出了钻孔取芯法标定介电常数以及由已建的正演模型和雷达回波信息,反算介电常数两种方法提高测试精度,分析结果显示两种方法均能有效提高基层与面层厚度测试精度,效果较好。     

端面齿凸缘加工工艺方案对比分析

汽车传动轴与桥输出法兰连接由端面齿结构代替传统的止口式结构,在汽车中应用越来越广泛,端面齿的加工与原有法兰止口方式不同,本文通过对端面齿法兰两种加工工艺方案定位误差进行科学的计算和分析,从而选出一种较为合理的工艺方法,保证端面齿法兰的加工精度。