基于分离涡模拟的对转舵桨水动力性能数值分析

基于OpenFOAM 软件平台,采用改进的延迟分离涡模拟(IDDES)模型,结合滑移网格方法,对一组对转桨和对转舵桨的水动力性能进行数值预报,并利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)对推力系数进行频谱分析。对转桨数值计算结果与模型试验结果比较,推力、扭矩系数以及推进器效率的误差分别在3%、2%和5%左右,验证了该数值方法的可行性。对转舵桨数值计算结果提示:压差阻力是吊舱和立柱阻力的主要成分,在立柱的前端存在回流,对立柱的优化设计可以从这两方面入手;立柱和吊舱的存在能够减小轴承力导致的振动。     

Experimental investigation of nozzle cavitating flow characteristics for diesel and biodiesel fuels

This study was performed to clarify criteria for cavitation inception and the relationship between flow conditions and cavitation flow patterns of diesel and biodiesel fuels. The goal was to analyze the effects of injection conditions and fuel properties on cavitating flow and disintegration phenomena of flow after fuel injection. To accomplish this goal, it was utilized a test nozzle with a cylindrical cross-sectional orifice and a flow visualization system composed of a fuel supply system and an image acquisition system. In order to analyze the rate of flow and injection pressure of the fuel, a flow rate meter and pressure gauge were installed at the entrance of the nozzle. A long distance microscope device equipped with a digital camera and a high resolution ICCD camera were used to acquire flow images of diesel and biodiesel, respectively. The effects of nozzle geometry on the cavitating flow were also investigated. Lastly, a detailed comparison of the nozzle cavitation characteristics of both fuel types was conducted under a variety of fuel injection parameters. The results of this analysis revealed that nozzle cavitation flow could be divided into four regimes: turbulent flow, beginning of cavitation, growth of cavitation, and hydraulic flip. The velocity coefficient of diesel fuel was greatly altered following an increase in flow rate, although for biodiesel, the variation of the velocity coefficient relative to the rate of flow was mostly constant. The cavitation number decreased gradually with an increase in the Reynolds number and Weber number, and the discharge coefficient was nearly equal to one, regardless of cavitation number. Lastly, it could not observe cavitation growth in the tapered nozzle despite an increase in fuel injection pressure.     

几种船舶节能技术性能分析

随着燃油价格上涨,船舶节能成为航运业关注的热点之一。本文从减小船舶阻力、提高螺旋桨推进效率、采用混合动力装置三个方面介绍了几种主要的节能技术,分析了各种节能技术的特点。     

均匀流与非均匀流条件下螺旋桨空泡及噪声试验分析

利用空泡水筒,采用假体模拟伴流的方法,研究了均匀流与非均匀流条件下,不同流速和转速空化数时,螺旋桨空泡形态的变化和辐射噪声特性的差异。由空泡试验结果分析可知：同一流速时,螺旋桨空化程度随转速空化数的减小而变得剧烈;非均匀流条件下,螺旋桨处于不同强度伴流区时,桨叶表面空泡范围和大小差异很大,进入高伴流区时空泡加剧,远离高伴流区时空泡减弱。由噪声试验结果分析得出：针对各空泡数,随着流速的增大,辐射噪声总声级也随之增长;另外,无空泡与有空泡时,其噪声频谱曲线在高频段差异很大,表明空泡噪声对高频段的贡献较低频段大;同时,比较不同空泡状态时噪声总声级发现泡状空泡的辐射噪声总声级最大,片状空泡次之。     

云状空化的非定常流体动力特性

基于高速全流场显示和动态压力测量技术,实现了非定常空化空穴形态和壁面压力的同步测量.采用该方法,同步观察和测量了收缩—扩张流道内云状空化形态的准周期性变化及其对应的壁面压力波动特性,分析了压力信号频谱,讨论了非定常空穴形态变化和壁面压力波动的关系.结果表明:扩张段内云状空穴的发展过程呈现出附着型空穴生长,附着型空穴断裂、脱落以及脱落型空穴聚合、生长、溃灭的准周期过程.壁面压力波动的主导频率约为21 Hz,对应附着型空穴的准周期生长、断裂和大尺度脱落型空穴生长、溃灭;次级频率约为42Hz,对应小尺度脱落型空穴非定常变化.同时发现空穴变化和压力波动存在如下关系:在附着型空穴的生长阶段,其空穴前部稳定附着区域的压力波动较小,其尾部非稳定区域的压力波动较大;当附着型空穴发展至最大长度时,其尾部空泡的非定常波动会使得相应区域压力波动更加剧烈.伴随着反向射流的发展,附着型空穴断裂、脱落产生许多小尺度脱落型空穴,其生长、溃灭等非定常变化会使得相应区域的压力波动变得复杂.小尺度脱落型空穴逐渐聚合、生长形成单一的大尺度脱落型空穴,伴随着其不断的向下游移动,相关区域被其覆盖时压力波动减小,脱离其覆盖或者经历其溃灭过程时压力波动显著增大.     

基于分叉理论的水下超空泡航行体运动特性研究

为保证水下超空泡航行体稳定地运动,分叉分析航行体的运动状态随空化数变化的规律,基于分叉理论,利用数值仿真、相轨图分析并验证航行体在不同空化数下的运动特性,最后通过二维分岔图确定航行体稳定运动条件和参数范围。研究结果表明：超空泡航行体的运动具有非线性动力学特性,随着空化数的变化,系统的相轨迹出现极限环、混沌吸引子等现象;合理地调整控制律可以扩大航行体稳定运动的空化数范围,实现航行体的稳定运动。     

基于FNN的船舶舵伺服系统故障诊断研究

分析某型船舶舵伺服系统的故障信息,建立了模糊神经网络故障诊断模型.利用模糊逻辑处理数据以便于充分利用经验知识;利用神经网络诊断,避免了复杂故障树诊断系统的"匹配冲突"、"组合爆炸"和"无穷递归"等问题,并采用改进的BP算法训练神经网络,解决了收敛速度和收敛振荡的问题.诊断实例结果表明:该故障诊断系统具有较强的鲁棒性和泛化能力;该算法采用无模型化诊断,容易实现自学习,可不断完善系统性能,具有一定的理论和工程应用价值.     

RANS方法的螺旋桨与舵附推力鳍相互干扰水动力性能

The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method, along with the Fluent software package, was used to study the steady and unsteady interaction of propellers and rudders with additional thrust fins. The sliding mesh model was employed to simulate unsteady interactions between the blades, the rudder and the thrust fins. Based on the numerical results, the pressure distribution on the propeller and the efficiency of the fins were calculated as a function of the attack angle. The RANS results were compared with results calculated by the potential method. It was found that the results for the potential method and the RANS method have good consistency, but they yield maximum efficiencies for the fins, and thus corresponding attack angles, that are not identical.     

“品都斯”轮舵系修理工艺研究

阐述了上海船厂船舶有限公司事业部对"品都斯"轮舵系修理过程中的舵系拆卸、定位测量和超低温冷冻安装轴承等问题,进行了研究分析,提出了合适的修理工艺,取得了较好的效果。     

船闸输水阀门底缘空化改善措施研究

笔者从提高空化数的角度出发 ,研究了减免阀门底缘空化的措施 ,并比较了各种改善措施的优劣