船用柴油机气缸套穴蚀的成因及其预防措施

文章介绍了船用柴油机气缸套穴蚀的现象,分析了穴蚀的成因机理,提出了提高气缸套抗穴蚀能力的一些具体措施,并对船用柴油机气缸套的设计、制造与维修提出一些建议,以延长气缸套的使用寿命。     

超声降解废水机理及空化气泡运动过程数值模拟

阐述了超声降解废水的机理,并根据以体积作为动力学参数的气泡动力学模型进行数值模拟,结果表明,低频下的空化强度更大,更有利于降解过程,而驱动声压和初始气泡大小则存在一个最佳值,同时与传统的R-P方程作了比较,两个模型模拟结果基本一致,表明本文所用模型也适用于对气泡运动过程的模拟.     

潜艇组合型尾舵的受力分析及传动机构设计

针对一种新型带副舵的潜艇组合型尾舵,设计了一种液压驱动副舵的传动机构原型。阐述了该传动装置的结构形式、传动工作原理;通过改进该型舵的水动力模型,运用儒可夫斯基翼型绕流环量公式和库塔-儒可夫斯基升力公式对其液压传动系统的液压驱动力进行了计算分析,得到液压驱动力与副舵的弦长、形状、液压腔隔板长度以及主、副舵转动角度等参数之间的关系。本研究为具体的舵型结构设计提供参考,对于该型舵的工程化应用具有指导意义。     

弯管中流体在简谐摇摆条件下的附加力模型分析

为了给浮动式核动力平台给水泵或凝水泵在海洋条件下的稳定运行提供计算依据，对弯管中流体在简谐海洋条件下所受附加力的模型进行了理论推导，根据模型推导结果对凝水泵入口管道中的一段弯管进行计算，并与直管中流体的附加力模型计算结果进行了对比。研究表明，直管与弯管模型计算的附加压降的差异幅度很小，差值随时间为周期性变化；摇摆周期越大，摇摆角度越小，弯管与直管的附加压降差别越小；在一般的工程计算中可将弯管近似为直管，从而简化计算。     

A study on improving the course-keeping ability of a pure car carrier in windy conditions

The course-keeping ability of a pure car carrier (PCC) in windy conditions is discussed in this article. Numerical simulations of two PCCs were carried out to compare their course-keeping abilities in wind. The two PCCs had the same hull form but different types of rudder. One PCC was fitted with a semispade rudder (hereinafter, the normal rudder), whereas the other was fitted with a spade-type Schilling rudder (hereinafter, the Schilling rudder). Both PCCs were designed to a new concept for the accommodation structure and hull form above the load water line. In this new design concept, there are no sharp corners in the superstructure so as to reduce wind resistance and improve steering performance. The limits of course keeping for the two PCCs were investigated through simulations. The course-keeping abilities of the two PCCs, each with two different types of autopilot system, were also investigated in wind. To develop the numerical simulation, the hydrodynamic coefficients of the two PCCs were predicted based on the data published for a third PCC having similar principal particulars. The numerical model of the two PCCs was validated by comparing its behavior with the respective full-scale trial results. Wind resistance coefficients were predicted by combining the results of wind tunnel experiments of the object PCCs and a regression model. Numerical simulations under steady wind conditions were also carried out and the results compared with some full-scale experiments to validate the mathematical model of the PCC.     

不对称信息理论在船舶运动控制中的应用

本文介绍了不对称信息理论，并针对舵阻摇控制系统，通过简化鲁棒控制算法和改进舵机执行机构性能，增加信息的传递量，在提高系统鲁棒性能的基础上，使该算法成为实际工程上可用的算法。闭环增益成形算法采用闭环系统中具有工程意义的参数直接构造出鲁棒控制器，其设计过程简单，且物理意义明晰。从仿真结果可以看出：当信息传递充分时，航向保持效果大大改善，打舵的频率和幅值明显降低，同时也较为节能。     

Cavitation erosion research in France: the state of the art

An important part of the French research program on cavitation erosion, conducted from 1980 to 1995, was devoted to pitting. Histograms of pit size have been extensively used to characterise the hydrodynamic aggressiveness of a cavitating flow. Numerous erosion tests, limited to the incubation period, were carried out on similar test sections, for different velocities, liquids, length scales, and materials. Scaling laws were discussed and two kinds of methods for prediction of the erosion rate were proposed. The first one is based upon the estimation of the aggressiveness of the prototype cavitating flow, from pitting tests on a model and the simulation of the prototype histogram of pits on an appropriate device. The second one is based upon a correlation between the advanced stage of erosion and the incubation period, consisting of a proper adimensionalization of the mass-loss curve. After several years of research and the development of special facilities, devices and techniques, more deterministic procedures for predicting cavitation erosion could now be developed, based not upon erosion tests, but upon the characterization of the aggressiveness of the cavitating flow in terms of impact loads and the analysis of the mechanical and metallurgical response of the material to successive impacts.     

柴油机非对称喷油嘴内部空化流动特性的数值研究

柴油机喷油嘴内部喷嘴流量和空化现象直接影响到燃油的喷射和雾化,进而影响柴油机的性能和排放。以两种非对称柴油机喷油嘴——小压力室喷油嘴(mini-sac)和无压力室喷油嘴(VCO)为例,通过Fluent软件对其进行空化和流量数值仿真,研究入口压力和背压参数对质量流量变化的影响。研究结果表明:在相同进出口压力下,mini-sac型喷油嘴各孔的流量均比VCO型的大;在较低和中等进口压力下VCO型喷油嘴各孔比mini-sac型更容易产生空化,而在较高的进口压力下这两种类型喷油嘴各孔产生空化难易程度基本一致;当进口压力不变时,随着出口压力的降低,在无空化产生时其质量流量与压力差呈线性关系;当空化出现时其质量流量继续增加,当出现超空化现象时该孔的质量流量不再变化;随着各孔的轴向夹角的增大,流量越小,空化越容易;对于这两种喷油嘴来说,只有mini-sac型孔3和孔4的空化出现在喷孔的上端和下端,其余孔的空化都只产生在上端。     

造船工艺规则-舵系

汇集了舵系制装工程中除了已知检验项目以外需关注的工艺要素及需船东受检项目，纠正了零件设计图种种误区和技术障碍，阐述了相关修改方案，提出了工序中应注意的节点，对上舵承标准组件阐明了结构意义，对标准相关错误提出了纠正意见。     

超声波及其在水处理领域的应用

本文对超声波技术的作用机理、影响因素做了简单讨论,并介绍了超声波技术在废水处理和污泥调理等方面的研究和应用,文章最后介绍了几种超声波与其他水处理技术的联用技术。