Cavitation erosion research in France: the state of the art

An important part of the French research program on cavitation erosion, conducted from 1980 to 1995, was devoted to pitting. Histograms of pit size have been extensively used to characterise the hydrodynamic aggressiveness of a cavitating flow. Numerous erosion tests, limited to the incubation period, were carried out on similar test sections, for different velocities, liquids, length scales, and materials. Scaling laws were discussed and two kinds of methods for prediction of the erosion rate were proposed. The first one is based upon the estimation of the aggressiveness of the prototype cavitating flow, from pitting tests on a model and the simulation of the prototype histogram of pits on an appropriate device. The second one is based upon a correlation between the advanced stage of erosion and the incubation period, consisting of a proper adimensionalization of the mass-loss curve. After several years of research and the development of special facilities, devices and techniques, more deterministic procedures for predicting cavitation erosion could now be developed, based not upon erosion tests, but upon the characterization of the aggressiveness of the cavitating flow in terms of impact loads and the analysis of the mechanical and metallurgical response of the material to successive impacts.     

某船Z型全回转舵桨高速轴系振动分析

针对Z型全回转舵桨高速轴系振动大和轴承高温的问题,分析高速轴系临界转速,轴承基座刚度对轴系临界转速的影响,轴承最大轴向和径向载荷分析,确认问题的主要原因是高速轴系临界转速接近工作转速、轴承基座刚度不足,以及轴承最小径向载荷不满足要求,对高速轴系进行改进设计,试验与应用表明,改进后的高速轴系解决了振动和轴承高温问题,系统...     

扩张喷管与收缩喷管中空化现象的数值模拟

对扩张与收缩喷管中的空化特性进行了数值模拟研究,综述了空化现象的基础理论,建立了喷油器的几何模型;确定了运算的物理和数学模型以及相关条件;重点研究了在同一工况下,不同喷管扩张系数对喷管中空化流的影响,模拟了不同喷管扩张系数下喷管中空化现象的特征;总结出喷管的扩张系数对喷管中空化流的影响规律。数值计算结果表明,扩张喷孔随着扩张程度的加大,空化现象加剧,而收缩喷孔则不利空化的产生。     

超声波及其在水处理领域的应用

本文对超声波技术的作用机理、影响因素做了简单讨论,并介绍了超声波技术在废水处理和污泥调理等方面的研究和应用,文章最后介绍了几种超声波与其他水处理技术的联用技术。     

CATIA曲面参数化设计在舵装置设计中的应用

提出了CATIA曲面参数化设计在船舶舵装置方面的应用，并以NACA系列舵为例，重点介绍了如何利用CATIA建立舵装置模型，从而实现参数化设计的过程。最后简单介绍了根据设计要求改变基本参数并形成所需舵装置的工作流程。     

A suggestion of gap flow control devices for the suppression of rudder cavitation

This paper presents the numerical analysis of rudder cavitation in propeller slipstream and the development of a new rudder system aimed for lift augmentation and cavitation suppression. The new rudder system is equipped with cam devices which effectively close the gap between the horn/pintle and movable wing parts. A computational fluid dynamics code that solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations is used to analyze the flow field of various rudder systems in propeller slipstream. The body force momentum source terms that mimic flow field behind a rotating propeller are added in the momentum equations to represent the influence of the propeller and its slipstream. For detailed explication of the new rudder system’s lift augmentation and cavitation suppression mechanism, three-dimensional flow analysis is carried out. Simulations clearly display the mechanism of the lift augmentation and cavitation suppression. The computational results suggest that the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-based computational fluid dynamics reproduces the flow field around a rudder in propeller slipstream and that the present concept for a cavitation suppressing rudder system is highly feasible and warrant further study for inclusion of the interaction with hull and mechanical design for manufacturing and operations.     

4250 TEU集装箱船舵空泡试验研究

大型集装箱船航速高,主机功率大,实船航运中半平衡舵上易产生由空泡引起的剥蚀危害。为改善这种状况,在船研所空泡水筒进行了4 250 TEU集装箱船舵空泡试验研究。观察操舵过程中舵空泡产生的情况,探讨降低舵剥蚀的方法,延长舵的有效使用年限。     

135系列柴油机缸套穴蚀成因分析

文章在分析135系列柴油机缸套穴蚀原因的基础上,给出了消除穴蚀的方案.     

螺旋桨梢涡空泡初生及尺度效应研究

应用气泡动力学方程和气泡运动微分方程研究了螺旋桨梢涡空泡的初生问题,并根据简化Reyleigh-Plesset方程推导了不同尺度模型空化初生空泡数换算公式,建立了空化初生尺度换算模型,研究了螺旋桨梢涡空泡初生尺度效应问题。螺旋桨梢涡流场应用RANS方法求解,湍流模型为经过旋转和曲率修正的代数雷诺应力模型(EARSM-CC)。计算结果表明,文中建立的数值方法能够准确预报出螺旋桨梢涡流场分布;螺旋桨梢涡空泡初生空泡数计算结果高于试验观察值;应用文中建立的空化初生尺度换算模型得到的结果与数值模拟结果基本吻合,而且其结果偏于安全。     

均流中大型集装箱船桨舵干扰粘性流场的数值计算研究

应用FLUENT软件的滑移网格技术,实现了均匀来流中的桨舵干扰粘性流场计算。考察了桨推力、舵受力,桨舵周围的速度、压力分布。为尝试预报舵空泡性能,还考察了桨舵间距变化对舵面上的压力分布的影响,取得了与舵空泡观察试验一致的结果。本项工作为船后桨舵干扰粘性流场计算提供了基础。